coastal landscapes

Question 1

mechanical weathering

Answer 1

the breakdown of rocks without changing its chemical composition(freeze-thaw weathering)

Question 2

chemical weathering

Answer 2

the breakdown of rock by changing it’s chemical composition(carbonation)

Question 3

longshore drift

Answer 3

gradual zig zag movement of material along coast
- swash carries material up the beach
- backwash carries material back down beach

Question 4

spits

Answer 4

formed when longshore drift transports material past bend across the coastline

Question 5

bars

Answer 5

formed when a spit joins two headlands

Question 6

sand dunes

Answer 6

formed when sand deposited by longshore drift is moved up by the wind

Question 7

headlands and bays

Answer 7

softer rock erodes faster to form a bay

Question 8

caves arches and stacks

Answer 8

cracks enlarge- caves form
arch weakens and collapses
stack remains

Question 9

wave-cut platforms

Answer 9

1. erosion causes wave-cut notch
2. rock above collapses
   3.new wave-cut notch
3. cliff retreats

Question 10

hard engineering

Answer 10

man-made structures built to control the flow of the sea

Question 11

example of hard engineering

Answer 11

sea wall-reflects waves
gabion - absorbs wave energy
rock armour- reduces erosion
groyne- traps material in longshore drift

Question 12

soft engineering

Answer 12

uses knowledge of the sea and it’s processes

Question 13

soft engineering examples

Answer 13

beach nourishment -adds material widens beach-slows waves
dune regeneration -plants stabilises dunes

Question 14

Lyme Regis

Answer 14

• powerful waves erode the sea cliffs
  -properties were damaged

Question 15

coastal management for Lyme Regis

Answer 15

• 3600+ residents
• local economy depend on tourism
• 900m road would be lost