Coastal Features Flashcards
Define ‘coast’
that part of the land most affected by its proximity to the sea and that part of the ocean most affected by its proximity to the land
What area does the onshore zone of the coast stretch to
60km inland
How far does the coastline’s offshore zone extend
370.4km out to sea
What is the word which refers to a coastlines shape
topography
What is the word which refers to a coastlines rock type
geology
What is the word which refers to the slope of a coastline
relief
The foot of the cliff in areas of hard rock is characterised by what
boulders and rocks
When is there few rocks at the foot of the cliff
where the rock is soft
What type of cliff usually has evidence of slumping
sock rock
What type of cliff is characterised by high and steep cliff topography
hard rock
What type of cliff has a rock structure parallel to the coast
Concordant
What type of cliff has a rock structure perpendicular to the coast (at right angle to the sea)
Discordant
Name a discordant coast
What rock structure does it have
Swanage
Rock structure at right angle to sea
Name a concordant coast
What rock structure does it have
Lulworth Cove
Rock structure parallel with the coast
What type of coast has straighter coastlines, give an example
Concordant coasts with parallel rock structure
Lulworth Cove
What type of coastline commonly has headlands and bays, give an example
Discordant coasts,
Swanage
Why do coasts have a more equable climate
waters SHC is higher than inland
= cooler in summer and warmer in winter than inland
Why are coasts attractive for settlements
fertile land where rivers flow across floodplains
How is fertile soil created near coasts
alluvium deposited in rivers and near deltas
What do sheltered inlets provide for
land for docks e.g Hong Kong
What type of landform are sand dunes?
depositional landform
What type of beaches do sand dunes form on?
low-gradient wide beaches
What do sand dunes need to form?
obstacle (e.g driftwood / vegetation)
Name X2 threats to mangroves
provides fuel and timber
shrimp aquaculture
What % of mangroves are destroyed for shrimp aquaculture
38%
What % of mangroves are cleared for fuel / timber
26%
What % of the worlds mangroves have been lost in the past 50yrs
1/2
What type of water do mangroves prefer?
brackish
What has the destruction of mangroves done for coastal protection and ecology?
destroyed breeding ground for many fish
destroyed natural line of defence in storm surges / tsunamis
What type of relationship do mangroves have w coral reefs
symbiotic
What do mangroves do for coral reefs
help filter out sediment which could be harmful
What do reefs do for mangroves
absorb wave energy than can damage mangroves
What was the death toll in a Sri Lankan village which had mangroves after the 2004 Tsunami
2
What was the death toll in a Sri Lankan village which had lost their mangroves prior to the 2004 Tsunami
6000
What country is including mangrove plantation in its coastal zone policy?
Bangladesh
How many hectares of land is being created and includes mangrove plantation in Bangladesh?
120,000 hectares
What temperature do coral reefs grow best at
23-26’c
Where do coral reefs mainly grow
between tropics
What ocean condition is preferable for coral reefs
brackish
What depth are most coral reefs at
where sea depth less than 25m
Why do large sediment inputs damage coral reefs?
corals filter water for their food
How do coral reefs act as a natural coastal barrier
dissipate wave energy and create a low-energy environment close to shore
