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Crowded Coasts Unit 1 > Coastal Features > Flashcards

Coastal Features Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘coast’

A

that part of the land most affected by its proximity to the sea and that part of the ocean most affected by its proximity to the land

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2
Q

What area does the onshore zone of the coast stretch to

A

60km inland

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3
Q

How far does the coastline’s offshore zone extend

A

370.4km out to sea

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4
Q

What is the word which refers to a coastlines shape

A

topography

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5
Q

What is the word which refers to a coastlines rock type

A

geology

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6
Q

What is the word which refers to the slope of a coastline

A

relief

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7
Q

The foot of the cliff in areas of hard rock is characterised by what

A

boulders and rocks

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8
Q

When is there few rocks at the foot of the cliff

A

where the rock is soft

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9
Q

What type of cliff usually has evidence of slumping

A

sock rock

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10
Q

What type of cliff is characterised by high and steep cliff topography

A

hard rock

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11
Q

What type of cliff has a rock structure parallel to the coast

A

Concordant

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12
Q

What type of cliff has a rock structure perpendicular to the coast (at right angle to the sea)

A

Discordant

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13
Q

Name a discordant coast

What rock structure does it have

A

Swanage

Rock structure at right angle to sea

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14
Q

Name a concordant coast

What rock structure does it have

A

Lulworth Cove

Rock structure parallel with the coast

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15
Q

What type of coast has straighter coastlines, give an example

A

Concordant coasts with parallel rock structure

Lulworth Cove

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16
Q

What type of coastline commonly has headlands and bays, give an example

A

Discordant coasts,

Swanage

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17
Q

Why do coasts have a more equable climate

A

waters SHC is higher than inland

= cooler in summer and warmer in winter than inland

18
Q

Why are coasts attractive for settlements

A

fertile land where rivers flow across floodplains

19
Q

How is fertile soil created near coasts

A

alluvium deposited in rivers and near deltas

20
Q

What do sheltered inlets provide for

A

land for docks e.g Hong Kong

21
Q

What type of landform are sand dunes?

A

depositional landform

22
Q

What type of beaches do sand dunes form on?

A

low-gradient wide beaches

23
Q

What do sand dunes need to form?

A

obstacle (e.g driftwood / vegetation)

24
Q

Name X2 threats to mangroves

A

provides fuel and timber

shrimp aquaculture

25
Q

What % of mangroves are destroyed for shrimp aquaculture

A

38%

26
Q

What % of mangroves are cleared for fuel / timber

A

26%

27
Q

What % of the worlds mangroves have been lost in the past 50yrs

A

1/2

28
Q

What type of water do mangroves prefer?

A

brackish

29
Q

What has the destruction of mangroves done for coastal protection and ecology?

A

destroyed breeding ground for many fish

destroyed natural line of defence in storm surges / tsunamis

30
Q

What type of relationship do mangroves have w coral reefs

A

symbiotic

31
Q

What do mangroves do for coral reefs

A

help filter out sediment which could be harmful

32
Q

What do reefs do for mangroves

A

absorb wave energy than can damage mangroves

33
Q

What was the death toll in a Sri Lankan village which had mangroves after the 2004 Tsunami

A

2

34
Q

What was the death toll in a Sri Lankan village which had lost their mangroves prior to the 2004 Tsunami

A

6000

35
Q

What country is including mangrove plantation in its coastal zone policy?

A

Bangladesh

36
Q

How many hectares of land is being created and includes mangrove plantation in Bangladesh?

A

120,000 hectares

37
Q

What temperature do coral reefs grow best at

A

23-26’c

38
Q

Where do coral reefs mainly grow

A

between tropics

39
Q

What ocean condition is preferable for coral reefs

A

brackish

40
Q

What depth are most coral reefs at

A

where sea depth less than 25m

41
Q

Why do large sediment inputs damage coral reefs?

A

corals filter water for their food

42
Q

How do coral reefs act as a natural coastal barrier

A

dissipate wave energy and create a low-energy environment close to shore

Crowded Coasts Unit 1 (3 decks)

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