Coastal Environments Flashcards

1
Q

What are case studies for erosion?

A

Isle of Purbeck or Old Harry Rocks

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2
Q

What are case studies for Deposition?

A

Hurst Castle Spit

Chesil Beach Tombolo

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3
Q

What are case studies for Sea Level change?

A

Fjords at Milford Haven, NZ

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4
Q

What is a case study for Sand Dunes?

A

Ainsdale Dunes, Cheshire

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5
Q

What are case studies for Land Use opportunities and conflicts?

A

Bangladesh

Milford Haven

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6
Q

What are case studies for management?

A

Christchurch Bay, Hampshire

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7
Q

What is the order of the sand balance?

A

Dunes
Beach
Sand Bar
Deep Sand

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8
Q

What moves sand from beach to sand bar?

A

Gravity

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9
Q

What moves sand from sand bar to deep sand?

A

Gravity Drift

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10
Q

What stops there from being one continuous sand cell for the UK?

A

Obstructions to longshore drift

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11
Q

Name two obstructions to longshore drift

A

Headlands

River Mouths

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12
Q

What is a berm?

A

Flat-topped ridge which mark upper limit of swash zone at back of beach

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13
Q

What is a beach face?

A

Steepest, sloping part of beach bellow the berm

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14
Q

What are two reasons for coastal protection?

A

Erosion of coast

Flooding of coast

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15
Q

What happened at Hallsands?

A

In 1917 it was destroyed by storms

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16
Q

Where is Hallsands?

A

South Devon

17
Q

How much protection was at Hallsands?

18
Q

Define Abrasion

A

Grinding effect caused by sediment in transport

19
Q

Define Attrition

A

Erosion caused by sediment hitting other sediment

20
Q

Define Corrosion

A

Chemical action of stream water

21
Q

Define Longshore Drift

A

Lateral movement of sand and shingle along beach

22
Q

Name three processes responsible for distinctive coastal landforms

A

Weathering
Erosion
Transportation

23
Q

How can coasts be protected?

A

Management

24
Q

Define Erosivity

A

How powerful the sea is

25
How does quarrying work?
When the impact of masses of water by wave shock dislodges rocks
26
What is another name for quarrying?
Hydraulic Action
27
Where is quarrying likely to take place?
Where there are weak materials such as, clay, sand, gravel are found
28
Other than through water, how else can quarrying work?
Pressure release- where air is trapped in rock joints when waves break on rocks, weakening the rocks allowing them to be eroded
29
Name three ways the coastline can be eroded?
Hydraulic Action Abrasion Weathering
30
How does abrasion work?
Breaking waves pick up particles which are thrown against the rock, eroding a notch in the rock face
31
How does solution work?
Chemicals dissolve rocks
32
What material is Old Harry made from?
Chalk
33
Is chalk easily eroded?
No
34
Is sand and clay easily eroded?
Yes
35
Define discordant
Where the rock structure is a 90º angle to the sea
36
How do groynes work?
They stop beaches being destroyed by longshore drift
37
How do sea walls work?
They reflect wave energy back into the sea reducing the amount of energy and erosion hitting the coast
38
How do breakwaters work?
They break the waves, reducing the energy of the wave and as a result the amount of energy hitting the coast
39
Where has a shoreline management plan been implemented?
Christchurch Bay