Coastal Environments Flashcards
What are case studies for erosion?
Isle of Purbeck or Old Harry Rocks
What are case studies for Deposition?
Hurst Castle Spit
Chesil Beach Tombolo
What are case studies for Sea Level change?
Fjords at Milford Haven, NZ
What is a case study for Sand Dunes?
Ainsdale Dunes, Cheshire
What are case studies for Land Use opportunities and conflicts?
Bangladesh
Milford Haven
What are case studies for management?
Christchurch Bay, Hampshire
What is the order of the sand balance?
Dunes
Beach
Sand Bar
Deep Sand
What moves sand from beach to sand bar?
Gravity
What moves sand from sand bar to deep sand?
Gravity Drift
What stops there from being one continuous sand cell for the UK?
Obstructions to longshore drift
Name two obstructions to longshore drift
Headlands
River Mouths
What is a berm?
Flat-topped ridge which mark upper limit of swash zone at back of beach
What is a beach face?
Steepest, sloping part of beach bellow the berm
What are two reasons for coastal protection?
Erosion of coast
Flooding of coast
What happened at Hallsands?
In 1917 it was destroyed by storms
Where is Hallsands?
South Devon
How much protection was at Hallsands?
Nothing
Define Abrasion
Grinding effect caused by sediment in transport
Define Attrition
Erosion caused by sediment hitting other sediment
Define Corrosion
Chemical action of stream water
Define Longshore Drift
Lateral movement of sand and shingle along beach
Name three processes responsible for distinctive coastal landforms
Weathering
Erosion
Transportation
How can coasts be protected?
Management
Define Erosivity
How powerful the sea is
How does quarrying work?
When the impact of masses of water by wave shock dislodges rocks
What is another name for quarrying?
Hydraulic Action
Where is quarrying likely to take place?
Where there are weak materials such as, clay, sand, gravel are found
Other than through water, how else can quarrying work?
Pressure release- where air is trapped in rock joints when waves break on rocks, weakening the rocks allowing them to be eroded
Name three ways the coastline can be eroded?
Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Weathering
How does abrasion work?
Breaking waves pick up particles which are thrown against the rock, eroding a notch in the rock face
How does solution work?
Chemicals dissolve rocks
What material is Old Harry made from?
Chalk
Is chalk easily eroded?
No
Is sand and clay easily eroded?
Yes
Define discordant
Where the rock structure is a 90º angle to the sea
How do groynes work?
They stop beaches being destroyed by longshore drift
How do sea walls work?
They reflect wave energy back into the sea reducing the amount of energy and erosion hitting the coast
How do breakwaters work?
They break the waves, reducing the energy of the wave and as a result the amount of energy hitting the coast
Where has a shoreline management plan been implemented?
Christchurch Bay
