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A-Level Geography - Coasts > Coastal Definitions > Flashcards

Coastal Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is abrasion?

A

A form of erosion where loose material ‘sandpapers’ the walls and floors of a river/glacier/cliff.

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2
Q

What is Backshore?

A

The upper beach closest to the land

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3
Q

What is Beach Morphology?

A

The surface shape of the beach.

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4
Q

What is coastal recession?

A

The retreat of a coastline due to erosion, sea-level or submerge.

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5
Q

What is a concordant coast?

A

A coastline where bands of alternate geology run parallel to the coast.

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6
Q

What is Corrasion?

A

A form of erosion when breaking waves fling material (rocks, sediment, shells. Etc) at a cliff face, physically knocking off material.

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7
Q

What is Corrosion?

A

The acid in seawater and some types of seaweed attacks particular rock minerals, causing erosion and weakening.

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8
Q

What is a Dalmatian Coast?

A

A concordant coastline with several river valleys running perpendicular to the coast. They become flooded to produce parallel long islands and long intents.

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9
Q

What is DEFRA’s 1:1 Cost-Benefit Analysis?

A

The evaluation of a coastal town’s economic value compared to the cost of the management required. Costs are tangible and intangible and can be economic or other costs such as visual impact.

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10
Q

What is a discordant coastline?

A

A coastline where bands of alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore.

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11
Q

What is Dynamic Equilibrium?

A

Where a natural system tries to achieve a balance by making constant changes in response to a constantly changing system.

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12
Q

What is an Emergent Coastline?

A

A coastline that is advancing relative to the sea level at the time.

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13
Q

What is Eustatic?

A

Global changes to the sea levels.

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14
Q

What is the fetch?

A

The distance the wave travels before it reaches the coastline.Distance to the nearest land mass in the direction in which the wind travels.

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15
Q

What is Fjord?

A

A long marrow inlet deeper in the middle section than at the mouth, created when sea levels rise relative to the land, flooding coastal glacial valleys.

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16
Q

What is Foreshore?

A

The lower part if the beach covered twice a day at high tide (the part of the beach that receives the most regular wave action).

17
Q

What is Freeze Thaw?

A

A form of physical sub-aerial weathering where water freezes in the cracks of a rock, expands and enlarges the crack, therefore weakens the rock.

18
Q

What is geology?

A

The structure and arrangement of a rock.

19
Q

What is Glacial Erosion?

A

The removal of loose material by glacier ice, involving plucking, abrasion, crushing and basal meltwater. ( Necessary in the formation of Fjords).

20
Q

What is Grading?

A

The layering of sediments based on their size.

21
Q

What is a High-energy Environment?

A

A coast where wave action is predominantly large destructive waves, causing much erosion.

22
Q

What is Hydraulic Action?

A

The pressure of compressed air forced into cracks in a rock face will cause the rock to weaken and break apart.

23
Q

What is Intergrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?

A

Large sections of coastline (often sediment cells) which are managed with one integrated strategy and management occurs between different political boundaries.

24
Q

What does it mean for a rock to be impermeable?

A

A rock that does not allow rainwater to pass through.

25
Q

What is Isostatic?

A

A change in local coastline or land height relative to sea level.

26
Q

What is a Littoral Cell?

A

A section of the coast which involves much sediment movement. It is not a closed system.

27
Q

What is Longshore Drift?

A

The transportation of sediment along a beach. It is determined by the direction of the prevailing wind.

28
Q

What is a Low-energy Environment?

A

A coast where wave action is predominantly small constructive waves, causing deposition and leading to beach accretion.

29
Q

What is Mass Movement?

A

The falling or movement of rock, often due to Gravity.

30
Q

What is Nearshore?

A

The area before the shore where the wave steepness and breaks before they reach the shore and then reform before breaking on the beach. It extends from the low-tide zone and then out to sea.

31
Q

What does it mean for a rock to be Permeable?

A

A rock that allows rainwater to pass through it.

32
Q

What is Plant Succession?

A

Change to a plant community due to growing conditions adapting.

33
Q

What is a Ria?

A

A narrowing winding inlet which is deepest at the mouth, formed when sea levels rise causing coastal valleys to flood.

A-Level Geography - Coasts (3 decks)

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