coastal and river flood defecnce

Question 1

coastal defences hard engineering

Answer 1

sea wall, groynes and rip rap

Question 2

coastal defences soft engineering

Answer 2

beach nourishment

managed retreat

Question 3

sea wall advantage (coast)

Answer 3

protects cliff

includes walkways

Question 4

sea wall disadvantage (coast)

Answer 4

unattractive

expensive (£5-10,000 per m)

Question 5

groynes advantage (coast)

Answer 5

quick to construct

stops longshore drift

Question 6

groynes disadvantage (coast)

Answer 6

£10,000 each
issues further down coast
splits up beach

Question 7

rip rap advantage (coast)

Answer 7

boulders dissipate wave energy

quick to put int place

Question 8

rip rap disadvantage (coast)

Answer 8

transport cost height
stop beach access
£1000 per m

Question 9

beach nourishment advantage (coast)

Answer 9

beach absorbs wave energy
fits into landscape
cheap (£100 per m)

Question 10

beach nourishment disadvantage (coast)

Answer 10

won’t last long in a storm
constant maintenance
no beach access

Question 11

managed retreat/ realignment advantage (coast)

Answer 11

natural

allows for habitats

Question 12

managed retreat disadvantage (coast)

Answer 12

impacts function of coast