Coastal Flashcards
BEACH
Formed by constructive waves.
The swash carries the material up the beach, then there is a slow/weak backwash = DEPOSITION because of Gentle Gradient.
ATTRITION
When waves cause rocks and boulders on the beach to collide and break into small parts.
CONCORDANT COASTLINES
Rocks are parallel to the coast. There are alternating bands of hard and soft rock.
CONSTRUCTIVE WAVES
Less powerful waves = Sand Spits.
CORRASION / ABRASION
Caused by large waves hurling beach material against a cliff.
CORROSION / SOLUTION
When salts and other acids in seawater slowly dissolve a cliff.
DESTRUCTIVE WAVES
Shingle Spits
DORSET COAST
South coast of England 2 hours from London 16 million tourists visit every year = 50 miliion visitor days per year 37500 tourist related jobs - attracted to coastal scenery Ideal for watersports Warm summer temperatures (16) Sunniest part of UK Large sections are SSSIs due to wildlife
DORSET NOT SUSTAINABLE
Honeypots mean the landscape will become more degraded.
FIORDS or SEA LOCHS
Where upland glaciated areas meet the coast.
HARD DEFENCES
Major engineering projects e.g. Sea Walls.
HEADLANDS AND BAYS
Form along coastlines where there are perpindicular outcrops of resistant and less resistant. Destructive waves erode the areas of softer rock to from bays. Hard rock which is more resistant stick out to form Headlands.
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
The force of waves compressing air in cracks in a cliff.
ISOSTATIC READJUSTMENT
The end of the ice age the land that was once recovered by the ice sheet, has being rising up. The weight of the ice pressing down on the land has been removed, so the land is rising to form Raised Beaches.
LOAD
All the material carried by breaking waves. Some comes from rivers entering sea; landslides on cliffs and river erosion.
LONGSHORE DRIFT
The swash and backwash push and drag material up and down the beach. When waves break obliquely to the shore, the swash moves obliquely up the beach, but the backwash runs back perpindicular to the shore.
MULTIPLIER EFFECT
When the owners and managers of the touristical services can then spend more money and so the extra wealth spreads throught the community.
PEAK SEASONS
Summer months, Weekends, Bank Holidays.
POOLE HARBOUR
Biggest natural harbour in the UK.
RIAS
When ice melted and sea levels rose, often drowning estuaries.
SAND BAR
When a sandspit extends across a bay and join up with the beach at the other side.
SAND SPITS
Long narrow accumulations of sand / shingle deposited by longshore drift. One end is joined to the land, the other goes in to the sea. Forms where coastline changes direction, produce sheltered area of water behind them.
SEA WALL
Aim to absorb wave energy in place of a beach, and protect foot of a cliff. Expensive, ugly and restricts access.
SOFT DEFENCES
Less intrusive e.g. Dune Stabilisation.
SPITS
Sand or pebble beaches joined to the land at one end. Formed by longshore drift and where the sea is sheltered, shallow and calm.
SSSI
Site of Special Scientific Interest.
TO LIMIT BEACH EROSION
Beach nourishment and Beach stabilisation.
TO PROTECT CLIFFS
Sea Walls and Groynes.
TOMBOLO
A sand spit may grow out from the coast to reach an island.
TOURISM JOBS
Local shops, restraunt and food catering industry and in the entertainment fields.
WAYS OF CONSERVING ENVIRONMENT
Provide information and guided walks to educate visitors. Restrict access to very sensitive areas. Provide wardens to look after the area.
