coast case studies

Question 1

IPCC

Answer 1

• predicts sea levels by 2100 will be 0.26-0.77 m higher than today
• 75% of the worlds cities are costal
• Study in 2011 suggests that 187 million people could be displaced by sea level rise in 2100

Question 2

Holderness coastline

Answer 2

• fastest retreating coastline in europe
• strong destructive waves from the north
• 20 metres in the last 40 years
• on average 2 metres a year
• sea walls , gryones , managed retreat
• prone to sub ariel proccesses - freese thaw - wetting and drying - slumping

Question 3

Maldives

Answer 3

• average ground level is 1.5 meters above sea level
• 1/4 of the national income relies on tourism
  *

Question 4

UK salt marsh

Answer 4

In the UK, salt marshes are estimated to reduce wave height by up to 80%

Question 5

Storm Xavier Uk

Answer 5

• 80+ mph winds
• storm coicded with spring tide
• 6m storm surge in norfolk
• 1400 homes flooded
• 18,000 evacuated
• economic loss of £100 million

Question 6

IPCC quote about global warming

Answer 6

• the frequency and intensity of the strongest tropical cyclones have increased since 1970

Question 7

Bangladesh tropical cyclone Sidr 2007

Answer 7

• Catogery 4
• 60% of Bangladesh is low lying
• 15,000 killed
• 1.6 million homes destroyed
• damage of 1.7 billion

Question 8

Management at holderness coast

Answer 8

• Bridlington 4.7 km sea wall
• Mappleton protected by rock gryones
• Increase in errosion at Great Cowden due to sediment strvation from gryones in mappleton
• 100 chalets destroyed at Golden Sands Holiday Park

Question 9

Chittang bangladesh

Answer 9

• Second largest city in bagladesh
• July 2012 floods affected over 1.3 million people
• esimates suggest there may be sea level rise of 30cm in the next 20 years
• in 2019
• 2.7km retaining wall
• 19km flood walls
• 69 pumps
• improved drainage
  May cause conflics as people ay be required to leave their homes and businesses will be more protected

Question 10

Helsinki treaty

Answer 10

international guideline regulating how rivers and there connected groundwaters that cross national boundaries should be used

• Promotes sustainable use of water
• International framework for international transboundary water sources
• seen in europe
• hard to regulate

Question 11

Philippines

Answer 11

• cost of sea level rise is $6.5 billion
• rate of sea level is 5.8 mm a year
• estimated rise of $168,000 a year due to sea level rise
  *

Question 12

Bangladesh

Answer 12

• 1m rise in sea levels would flood 11% of the country
• due to salt water enrochement 20 million would have there water supply affected

Question 13

Berlin treaty

Answer 13

Promotes the use of hydropower in rivers without destroying local ecosystems
* Europe , denmark and sweden
* slow process
* only really used within europe

Question 14

Integrated Drainage Basin Management (Nile)
(IDBM)

Answer 14

• the environmental quality of the rivers and catchment
• that water is used with maximum efficiency
• an equitable distribution of water among users