Coast and Coastal Hazards

Question 1

What is a coast

Answer 1

Where land meets sea

Question 2

Eustatic sea level change are related to change in what?

Answer 2

Volume of ocean basin and volume of liquid water in ocean

Question 3

What type of coast involves sea level fall due to land uplift of eustatic sea level fall

Answer 3

Emerging coast

Question 4

Submerging coasts involve what?

Answer 4

Sea level rise relative to land due to land subsidence or eustatic sea level rise

Question 5

What is transgression

Answer 5

sea level rise relative to land

Question 6

What is regression

Answer 6

Sea level fall relative to land

Question 7

Define passive margins in one word

Answer 7

stable

Question 8

What components are involved in passive margins

Answer 8

wide continental shelf, continental slopes and continental rise

Question 9

What is usually involved in active margins

Answer 9

next to plate boundary, seismically and volcanically active

Question 10

What components are involved in active margins

Answer 10

narrow shelf and continental slope

Question 11

What is a marine terrace?

Answer 11

former shoreline

Question 12

What do marine terraces look like?

Answer 12

horizontal step like features

Question 13

What is an example of a marine terrace?

Answer 13

New Zealand: exists because of tectonic uplift

Question 14

How does a Fjords

Answer 14

former glacial valleys, drowned as a result of postglacial sea level , can be eroded very deeply by glaciers

Question 15

What are estuaries

Answer 15

drowned stream valleys

Question 16

What are several estuaries called?

Answer 16

ria

Question 17

Difference between tsunami and normal waves

Answer 17

run quickly over land as a wall of water

Question 18

What are waves generated by

Answer 18

wind, seafloor movement, gravity, landslides, asteroid impacts

Question 19

What factors affect the size of the wave

Answer 19

wind duration, wind speed, distance wind flows over water (fetch)

Question 20

Formula for the limit of stability

Answer 20

H/L=1/7

Question 21

Constructive wave interference patterns cause what

Answer 21

very high waves (rogue waves)

Question 22

What is a longshore current and what does it do

Answer 22

transports sediments, wave moves towards shore, causes swash and backwash which causes a zigzag formation of movement of sediments

Question 23

What is wave refraction

Answer 23

change in direction towards shallow depth because the part of the wave in deep water moves faster than the part in shallow water

Question 24

`What is a sand spit

Answer 24

extension of beach into water where shoreline reaches a bay or bend

Question 25

what is a tombolo

Answer 25

sandspit that forms link between mainland and offshore island

Question 26

What is a baymouth bar

Answer 26

sandspit that has grown all the way across the mouth of a bay