Coaptation & Complications Flashcards
what is delayed union?
fracture that takes longer to heal than anticipated
what is non-union?
a fracture that failed to heal and will not heal without intervention
for an animal under 3 months, what is the timeline of direct vs indirect bone healing?
indirect: 2-3 weeks
direct: 4 weeks
for an animal that is 3-6 months, what is the timeline for indirect vs direct bone healing?
indirect: 4-6 weeks
direct: 2-3 months
for an animal that is 6-12 months, what is the timeline for indirect vs direct bone healing?
indirect: 5-8 weeks
direct: 3-4 months
for an animal that is over 1 year of age, what is the timeline for indirect vs direct bone healing?
indirect: 7-12 weeks
direct: 5months-1 year
what are the risk factors for poor bone healing?
- poor mechanics: inadequate immobilization
- poor biology: vascular compromise, infection
usually a combination or imbalance of both
what are factors that can lead to coaptation morbidity?
- rapidly growing patients
- growth plates
- joint development
what takes longer, direct bone healing or indirect bone healing?
direct bone healing
age of animal in months translates to clinical healing time in
weeks
what tests should you do to make sure neurological function is still intact?
- proprioception
- mentation
- voluntary motor
- reflexes
- sensation (superficial then deep)
this can tell you prognosis!
what can be reasons for lack of stifle flexion in a dog with a femoral repair?
quadriceps contracture* = replaced healthy muscle tissue with scar tissue, and now is fused in a shortened form and can no longer elongate
T/F: muscle contracture is irreversible
true
the force is takes to break a bone is transmitted to what as well
the soft tissues! muscles affected too, not just the bone
age in MONTHS = time to clinical bone healing in
WEEKS
what is the trap with toy breed radius/ulna fractures?
- SLOW to heal and not robust healing
- biology vs mechanical balance is critical!
what is a malunion?
fracture that healed in a non-anatomical position
what are the planes that a malunion can occur in?
- frontal/coronal plane
- sagittal plane
- axial/transverse plane
what plane are varus and valgus in?
frontal plane
varus
inward angulation of distal segment
valgus
outward angulation of distal segment
procurvatum and recurvatum are in what plane?
sagittal plane
what is procurvatum?
cranial bowing
what is recurvatum?
caudal bowing
what plane are pronation and supination in?
axial/transverse plane
what is pronation?
internal rotation
regarding malunions, what variations are better tolerated?
- re/pro-curvatum well tolerated
- varus better than valgus
- torsional least tolerated
- shorter hind-limb better than forelimb
what is better clinically, varus or valgus?
varus > valgus
what is better to have, a shorter hind-limb or fore-limb?
shorter hind limb > forelimb
