Coal and Petroleum Flashcards
1
Q
Residue of non-combustible matter in coal
A
ash
2
Q
Coal contains traces of this
A
iron and uranium
3
Q
“Dehydrogenated plant fragments”
A
Macerals
4
Q
Maceral maturity is estimated by
A
Vitrinite reflectance
5
Q
Most common type of maceral? Made up of what?
A
Vitrinite maceral, cell wall material of plants
6
Q
Maceral derived from waxy, spores, resins wc are resistant to weathering
A
Liptinite/exinite Macerals
7
Q
Plant material strongly altered and degraded in the peat stage
A
inertinite Macerals
8
Q
Land plants emerged during this time
A
Devonian period
9
Q
Accumulation of coal occured during this
A
Carboniferous period
10
Q
Fixed Carbon ____ while coal grade increases
A
Increases
11
Q
Volatille matter ____ as coal rank increases
A
Decreases
12
Q
Hydrogen ____ ascoal rank increases
A
Decreases
13
Q
Oxygen content ____ as Coal rank increases
A
decreases
14
Q
Lignite is used mostly for
A
Power generation
15
Q
Sub-bituminous coal is used for this bc of its low S content
A
Power generation (also for Cement manufacture)
16
Q
Bituminous coal is split into these two types
A
Metallurgical and thermal
17
Q
Metallurgical bituminous coal is used for
A
Coke in Iron and steel manufacturings
18
Q
Anthracite coal is used for
A
Domestic or Industrial smokeless fuel
19
Q
Esimated Coal resource potential
A
2,370 MMT
20
Q
Mineable reserve in the Phil.
A
200 MMT
21
Q
2nd largest mineable reserves in the Phil
A
Samar-Leyte and South Mindoro
22
Q
Anthracite coal heating value
A
nearly 15,000 Btu/lb
23
Q
Bituminous coal heating value
A
10500-15500 Btu/lb
24
Q
Sub-bituminous coal heating value
A
8300 to 13000 Btu/lb
25
Lignite heating value
4000 to 8300 Btu/lb
26
Carbon content of anthracite
86 to 98 %
27
Carbon content of Bituminous
45 - 86 %
28
Carbon content of Sub-bituminous
35 - 45%
29
Carbon content of Lignite
25-35%
30
Metallurgical coal also know as
Coking coal
31
Thermal coal also know as
Steam coal
32
used in manufacturing creosote oil, naphthalene, pheno, and benzene
Coal tar
33
Used in filters for water, air purification and in dialysis machines
Activated carbon
34
Top 5 coal producers
China, US, India, Australia, Indonesia
35
3 most important prospecting and exploration methods
Mapping, Drilling, Geophysical methods
36
2 commons types of drill used in coal explo
Rotary and diamond core
37
used to explore coal outcrops to get info on attitude and overburden nature
Dozer cutting
38
How are levels of cleaning differentiated w/ each other
The greater the ROM coal is crushed, the greater the liberation of impurities.
39
4 coal preparations steps in order
Characterization - Liberation - Separation - Disposition
40
Used to in Separation of ccoal and impurities
Gravity concentration, flotation for fine particles
41
Define Disposition
the handling and storage of coal products using slurries, dewatering, thermal dryer
42
Mine tailings dumps produce this
`AMD
43
These two blasting eqpt are always separated from each other
explosives and detonators
44
Profit Share of Coal operating contract
30/70, government/contractor
45
Taxes in Coal operating contract
exempted except for income tax
46
Coal exploration
2+2 years only
47
Coal development and production term
10-20 yrs + series of 3 yrs extension not exceeding 12 yrs
48
PD 1151 goal
EIA of all power and mining operators
49
DAO No. 14 series of 1993 requires this for coal
Sulfur content < 1%
50
OEA Cir. no. 89-08-09
To: All Holders of Coal Operating Contracts Under PD. No. 972, as amended (warns COC owners not to sub-contract areas for extraction)
51
BED CIRCULAR NO. 82-12-12
warns COC owners to do exploration properly
52
Amended Coal Development Act of 1976 or PD 972
PD 1174
53
Cost Recovery fo rCOC owners
90% of gross income
54
Bidding system for possible energy sources in Phil
Philippine Energy Contracting Round (PECR)
55
Department Circular No. DC 2010-03-0005
"Providing Additional Guidelines for a Transparent and Competitive System of Awarding Service/Operating Contracts for Coal and Petroleum Prospective Areas"
56
2nd largest source of coal in Phil
Surigao
57
3 largest phil coal import source
Indonesia, China, Vietnam
58
Largest coal powerplant in the Phil
Quezpn Power Phils.
59
PD No. 1152
provides tax exemptions for foreign and tax credits for domestic pollution control technologies
60
Term used for directly transporting mined coal to powerplant nearby
Mine-Mouth powerplant
61
Flue Gas Desulfurizer works by
Smoke is cleaned by wet scrubbingg
62
Philippine coal rank
Lignite to Bituminous, soft to dense
63
Philippine coal is formed during
Miocene age 23-25M yrs aho
64
Phil coal heating value
7000-12000
65
Three most popular coal cleaning technology in Phil
Electrostatic Precipitator, Circulating Fluidized Bed, andFlue Gas Desulfurization
66
Compressed block of coal dust
Briquette
67
Renewable Energy Act of 2008
RA No. 9513
68
Geothermal Service Contract Explo term
2 + 2
69
Geothermal Service Contract term
25+25yrs only
70
Ownership Foreign %
Up to 100% foreign
71
Two Largest Geothermal Powerplant in the Phil
Tongonan, Lete and Mt. Makiling Laguna
72
"Coal Mine Safety Rules and Regulations"
BED CIRCULAR NO.1, Series of 1978
73
IRR of PD 972
BED Circular No. 81-11-10
74
3 types of Coal mines
Drift, Slope, Shaft Coal mining
75
Other name for Room and Pillar
Bord and Pillar
76
3 Types of Coal Room and Pillar
Classic, Post, Step
77
Coal Cutting machine w/ a rotating drum w/ cutting bits
Shearer
78
2 Applicable conditions for Shearers
Hard coal and Irregular seam thickness
79
Emplys static set of cutting bits and is towed by motors
Plow
80
Shortwall mining panel length
< 400ft
81
Air velocity limit in coal mines
2.5 m/sec
82
Airtight duct in coal mining
Overcast
83
Define regulator
valves metering the amount of aairentering a section
84
Method to displace methane in coal strata
Water infusion
85
Borehole to drain methane after stope is mined
Gob hole
86
3 Dust control measure
Water spray, newer cutting bits, avoid cutting into wallrock
87
Principal mineral in most coal seams
Clays
88
How is Fixed Carbon created
removal of volatiles from organic by heat w/o combustion
89
What is Shale Parting orSplit coal and how does it form
thin bands of mud and silt incoal layers from periodic overflowing of banks
90
What are Wash-outs
the erosion of organic material and replacement with mud and sound
91
Advantage of RC drilling over rotary drilling
same speed but better sample acquisition
92
Recovery factor for surface Mines
85%
93
Recovery factor for Longwall mines
70%
94
Recovery factor for coal UG mining
50-80%
95
Explain Gasification of coal
conversion of coal into gas by using air-steam mixtures into coal gasifiers
96
Explain Liquiefaction
Conversion of coal into liquid fuels by liquefactiON
97
difference of shovel and backhoe
orientation of bucket wrt to body
98
What is Area Surface mining for coal
for coal w/ shallow overburden. coal is relatively plane
99
Applicability of Contour Mining or Mountain Top Removal
for non-plane, rolling, or mountainous terrain
100
Dominant mineral in arkoses
unweathered feldspars
101
Dominant comp of greywackes
lithic fragments and a clay matrix
102
Dominant comp of orthoquartzites
Detrital quartz
103
What is a sedimentary basin
depression formed by tectonic processesm flanked by high areas that shed detritus into the depression
104
3 geophysical reconnaissance method for petroleum
gravity, seismic, and magnetic
105
3 Field geology methods
Road mapping,, Coastal mapping, aerial recon
106
Drill to test the presence of petroleum reserve
Wildcat drilling
107
Muddy or clayey type of carbonate rock
Marl
108
Define Kerogen
organic matter intermediate to transformatino into petroleum hydrocarbon
109
Process of heat and pressure transforming OM into oil and gas
Maturation
110
What happens when Kerogen loses Hydrogen
Graphite
111
Characterisitics of Reservoir rocks
coarse-grained, porous and permeable rock
112
2 Rock types conducive for reservoir formatino
Sandstones and Carbonates
113
Most common strcutural trap for oil
Anticline
114
Petroleum desription
Made up of Carbon and Hydrogen or hydrocarbons
115
Liquid hydrocarbon is called
Crude oil
116
Solid hydrocarbon is called
tar and bitumen
117
Tar sands field in the Philippines
Balite, Leyte
118
Gas fields in the Philippines
Camago Gasfield Palawan, San Antonio Gas Field , Cagayan Valley
