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Coagulation > Coagulation Review > Flashcards

Coagulation Review Flashcards

1
Q

________________ hemostasis involves the platelets clumping and adhering to the vessel and the vascular response to injury

A

Secondary

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2
Q

_________________ effect is the physical effect of the surrounding tissues which seals the vessel

A

Extravascular

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3
Q

__________ effect involves plasma factors

A

Intravascular

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4
Q

Vascular effects take effect when _______ from the endothelial membrane is exposed to platelets and they begin to aggregate

A

Collagen

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5
Q

Anti-thrombin Heparin complex neutralizes _______

A

Thrombin, factors IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa

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6
Q

Based on their unique properties the coagulation factors are separated into 3 groups

A
  1. Fibrinogen Group
  2. Prothrombin group
  3. Contact factors
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7
Q

The coagulation factors are proteins except

A

Factor IV (Calcium)

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8
Q

What factor is found in the common pathway, is synthesized in the liver, is a heat labile factor, yet is not affected by vitamin K deficiencies?

A

Factor V

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9
Q

This factor is converted by thrombin to its activated form and it stabilizes the fibrin clot in the common pathway.

A

Factor XIII

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10
Q

What factor is also known as the Fletcher Factor?

A

Prekallikrein

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11
Q

Hemophiliac will show a deficiency of what factor

A

Factor XIII

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12
Q

Factors XII’s activation starts ___________ pathway

A

Intrinsic

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13
Q

Factor VII is exclusive to the _____________ pathway

A

Extrinsic

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14
Q

Plasminogen activates to _____________ and is responsible for fibrinolysis or digesting fibrin

A

Plasmin

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15
Q

___________ is the cessation of blood

A

Hemostasis

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16
Q

The_________ assures that clots in the body are formed only formed only when needed

A

Hemostatic mechanism

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17
Q

The body’s complex Hemostatic mechanism can respond in 2 ways. Name the 2 responses and briefly describe each

A

.

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18
Q

__________ is when a damaged blood vessel contracts to decrease blood flow

A

Vado constriction

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19
Q

Factor 1 = Sun/gun

A

Fibrinogen

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20
Q

Factor 2 - Shoe

A

PT (prothrombin)

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21
Q

Factor 3 - Tree

A

Tissue Thromboplastin (TT)

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22
Q

Factor 4 - door

A

Calcium

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23
Q

Factor 5- knive

A

Proaccerlerin/ Labile factor

LAY-bile ( body laying there stabbed)

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24
Q

Factor 7 Heaven

A

Proconvertin / STABLE factor

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25
Q

Factor 8- great

A

Anti hemophiliac factor A is great

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26
Q

Factor 9 - dime

A

Plasma thromboplastin component (Christmas)

Factor 3 is a type of thromboplastin, 3 is a factor of 9 plus dime for Christmas

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27
Q

Factor 10- pen

A

Stuart proper factor

Stuart little stabbed by a pen

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28
Q

Factor 11-

A

PTA (plasma thromboplastin antecedent)

Think GTA 11

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29
Q

Factor 12 - shelf

A

Hageman factors

Hanging on the shelf

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30
Q

Factor 13 -Freddy

A

Fibrin Stabilizing factor

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31
Q

Principle of PT is the time required for plasma to clot after an excess of ______ and an optimal amount of _______ have been mixed with that patient’s plasma

A

Thromboplastin and Ca

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32
Q

If PT level is decreased, _______ may occur

A

Embolism

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33
Q

If PT level is increased, _________ may occur

A

Hemmorhage

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34
Q

The INR, devised by the ____, standardized the way PT results were reported internationally

A

WHO

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35
Q

The ISI is specific to each lot of _____

A

Thromboplastin

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36
Q

The APTT test monitors the ____ pathway coagulation factors

A

Intrinsic and Common pathway

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37
Q

The common pathway begins with the activation of factor:

A

Factor X

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38
Q

Which of the following is the best test to monitor heparin therapy?

A

APTT

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39
Q

What factors are Vitamin K dependent?

A

II, VII, IX and X

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40
Q

What factors are synthesized in the liver?

A

I, II, V, IX, X, XI and XII

41
Q

Deficiency of this factor causes Hemophilia A

A

Factor VIII

42
Q

This Disease is a deficiency of factor IX and is sex linked coagulation disorder

A

Hemophilia B

43
Q

Which factors are increased due to inflammation pregnancy and oral contraception use

A

Plasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII and XIII

44
Q

What is the anticoagulant of choice for routine coagulation assays

A

Heparin

45
Q

The prothrombin assay requires that patients citrated plasma maybe combine with what

A

Thromboplastin

46
Q

Why are plastic or siliconized tubes used for blood specimens for coagulation essays

A

So the the blood won’t clot because of hageman factor

47
Q

Plasma coagulation Factors can be divided into 3 components, list each one

A
  • Cofactor group
  • Fibrinogen group
  • Prothrombin group
48
Q

_______ is when platelets move to site, stick together, and help inhibit bleeding

A

Primary Hemostasis

49
Q

If you have a pt that is factor VIII deficient, the pts platelets are not adhering properly and have an abnormal bleeding time. what disease is most likely causing this?

A

Von Willebrands Disease

50
Q

The hemostatic mechanism can be divided into 3 components, list each one

A

Intravascular
Extravascular
Vascular

51
Q

What component of the hemostatic mechanism is occurring when blood vessel endothelial membranes release collagen, platelets come in contact with collagen, platelet aggregation occurs and a clot begins to form?

A

Vascular component

52
Q

What do platelets release during vasoconstriction?

A

Serotonin

53
Q

What component of the Hemostatic Mechanism is described when a platelet plug is being formed and the intrinsic pathway plasma coag factors are being activated?

A

intravascular factor

54
Q

_________ react to injury of vessels to form a platelet plug

A

Platelets

55
Q

How many plasma coag factors are there?

A

14

56
Q

What are the plasma coag factors made of?

A

protein

57
Q

which factor is not a protein?

A

Calcium Factor IV

58
Q

________ is the mechanism whereby, there is injury to a blood vessel, plasma proteins and calcium work together on the surface platelets to form a fibrin clot

A

Hemostatic Mechanism

59
Q

_________ is the activated enzyme responsible for digesting fibrin

A

Plasmin

60
Q

Waste products of fibrinolysis are removed from the body by what?

A

RES

61
Q

Factors involved in extrinsic

A

III (+Ca) & VIII

62
Q

Factors involved in the intrinsic pathway

A

HMWK, PK, 12,11,9 & 7

63
Q

What anti-coag therapy is APTT used to help monitor?

A

Heparin

64
Q

What anti-coag therapy is PT used to monitor?

A

coumadin

65
Q

What factors does heparin inhibit?

A

XII, XI, X, IX and II

66
Q

_______ must be present for heparin to work

A

heparin

67
Q

T/F Heparin is naturally present in the body in low concentrations

A

True

68
Q

_____ and ____ are drugs to prevent thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

A

Coumadin and Warfarin

69
Q

If PT level is decreased, _____ can occur. If PT level is increased, fatal _____ can occur.

A

embolism for decreased, fatal hemorrhage is increased

70
Q

What is ISI?

A

International Sensitivity Index

71
Q

What factors doe Coumadin inhibit?

A

II,VII, IX and X

72
Q

T/F Coumadin is administered orally?

A

True

73
Q

T/F Controls are run in duplicated and must agree within specific limits est. for the test. Controls limits vary with brand use

A

True

74
Q

____ used to report standardized results for PT assays for pts who are receiving oral anticoag therapy

A

INR

75
Q

What plasma factor is found in the liver, required for the formation of a fibrin clot; without it clotting is prolonged or may even fail

A

fibrinogen

76
Q

The _____ devised a standard reference thromboplastin that is assigned a reference value of 1.0

A

WHO

77
Q

____ the principle of this is an activator is mixed with a platelet substitute (thromboplastin) before the addition of the plasma being tested; only a partial component of thromboplastin is used

A

APTT

78
Q

_____ is the best procedure for detection of deficiencies in the intrinsic and common pathways, Used to manage pts on heparin anticoag therapy

A

APTT

79
Q

T?F D Dimer is a fibrin split product that is formed when fibrin strands degrade

A

True

80
Q

What is a POS result for a qualitative d dimer test?

A

Agglutination

81
Q

What antibody is used to bind and D Dimer present in pt plasma?

A

anti d dimer

82
Q

________ is a rare inherited recessive trait characterized by lack of fibrinogen and can cause profuse bleeding after slight trauma

A

Afibrinogenemia

83
Q

_________ is a inherited condition where fibrinogen levels are decreased and hemorrhage after trauma is uncommon

A

hypofibrinogenemia

84
Q

_________ inherited defect or can be acquired with liver disease, normal interaction of fibrinogen with its enzymes is disrupted, causing defective fibrin formation

A

dysfibrinogenemia

85
Q

The principle of the quant. method of fibrinogen test is the comparison of pt plasma______ to that of a known fibrinogen __________

A

clotting time and standard

86
Q

What is the normal range for fibrinogen test?

A

200-400 mg/dl

87
Q

T/F Abnormality of deficiency of coag factors affects bleeding time

A

False

88
Q

T/F ingestion of aspirin can affect platelet function for up to 8 days

A

true

89
Q

Simplate method, what are measurements of cut

A

5mm long and 1mm deep

90
Q

For a bleeding time inflate blood pressure cuff to ______

A

40 mm Hg

91
Q

T/F Hemophilia A pts have a prolonged PT/PTT

A

False

92
Q

What is associated with thrombocytopenic purpura

A

petechiae and hemorrhage

93
Q

T/F Von Willebrands disease affects platelets

A

True

94
Q

_____ measures the rate of change of light absorbance

A

optical density

95
Q

T/F the fibrometer sample and reagent wells incubate 37C

A

True

96
Q

T/F the sample and reagents are mechanically pipetted in the semi-automated fibrometer

A

false

97
Q

How does the semi automated fibrometer detect clots

A

moving electrodes

98
Q

T/F POC testing can be performed in a surgery suite, physicians office or pts home because its very reliable and low cost

A

false

Coagulation (4 decks)

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