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Pharmacology > Coagulation Modifiers > Flashcards

Coagulation Modifiers Flashcards

1
Q

Anticoagulants

A
  • inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors
  • prevent clot formation and stabilize existing clots
  • Do not lyse existing clots
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2
Q

Anti platelet drugs

A
  • Inhibit platelet aggregation

- Prevent platelet plugs

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3
Q

Thrombolytic drugs

A

-Lyse existing clots

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4
Q

what is the MOA/drug effects of Heparin?

A

Binds to a substance called antithrombin III which turns off 3 main activating factors (II, IX, X).The overall effect is that it turns off the coagulation pathway and prevents clots from forming. It cannot lyse a clot.

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5
Q

Indication/ route

A
  • Parental, short half-life (1-2 hrs) monitored by activated partial thromboplastin times(aPTT).
  • Effects reversed by Protamine sulfate
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6
Q

Nursing implications of Heparin

A
  • IV doses may be given by bolus or IV infusions
  • Anticoagulant effects seen immediately
  • Lab values done daily to monitor coagulation effect (aPTT)
  • Monitor for heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
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7
Q

aPTT normal ranges

A
  • 40 sec

- therapeutic 1.5-2.0 times normal

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8
Q

Low- molecular weight Heparins MOA

A
  • Synthetic with smaller molecular structure. More specific for factor X. Therefore more predictable anticoagulant response.
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9
Q

Nursing implications of Low-molecular weight heparins

A
  • does not require lab monitoring. Given SQ with 5/8 in, 25-28 gauge needle in abd.
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10
Q

Examples of low-molecular weight heparins

A
  • enoxaparin (Lovenox)

- dalteparin (Fragmin)

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11
Q

Nursing implications of low-molecular weight heparin

A
  • given SQ in abd.
  • Rotate injection sites
  • no lab monitoring required
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12
Q

MOA of warfarin

A
  • Inhibits vitamin K synthesis by bacteria in the GI tract. this turn inhibits production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X. These factors are normally synthesized in the liver and are known as vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
  • Prevent clot formation.
  • Does not lyse clot
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13
Q

Nursing Implications of Warfarin

A
  • Given orally only

- monitored by prothrombin time(PT) and INR.

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14
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity ?

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

Examples of warfarin

A

warfarin (Coumadin)

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16
Q

Antidote for Heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate

17
Q

Lab Values for warfarin

A

PT- 11-15 sec
INR- normal- 1.0
Therapeutic coumadin level -2.0-3.0

18
Q

Nursing implications for warfarin

A
  • may be started while pt on heparin until PT-INR levels indicate adequate anticoagulation
  • Full therapeutic effect takes place over several days
  • Monitor PT-INR regularly
19
Q

Pt ED

A
  • take exactly as directed
  • if a dose is missed take ASAP
  • do no double up doses
  • review foods high in vit K (will counter act med) dark leafy veggies
  • must keep follow up appts
  • instruct on brushing teeth with soft brush
  • report any unusual bleeding or bruising
20
Q

Adverse effects of Anticoagulants

A
  • bleeding

- nausea, vomiting, abd cramps, thrombocytopenia

21
Q

Contraindications of anticoagulatants

A
  • Use with extreme caution
  • severe uncontrolled hypertension
  • hemorrhagic stroke
  • bleeding disorders
  • GI bleeding/ ulcers
  • recent spinal cord surgery or ophthalmologic surgery
22
Q

Anticoagulation pt ed

A
  • lab tests regularly
  • signs of abd bleeding
  • measure to prevent bleeding, bruising, and tissue injury
  • wearing a med alert bracelet
  • consulting doc before taking other meds or OTC products, including herbals
23
Q

Antiplatlets MOA

A
  • Suppress platelet aggregation.

- Prevention of MI, acute MI, ischemic strokes, and coronary stenting

24
Q

Examples of antiplatelet drugs

A 
ASA
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
25
Q

what is serosanguineous fluid?

A

Clear, watery, and tinged pink or pale red, denoting presence of blood

26
Q

what is sanguineous fluid?

A

bloody, indicating active bleeding

27
Q

what is fibrin?

A

clot forming substance

28
Q

what is plasmin?

A

Protein that breaks down fibrin

29
Q

Hemostasis

A

the arrest of bleeding by either physiologic properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation or by mechanical, surgical, or pharmacologic means.

30
Q

coagulation

A

the process of blood clotting

31
Q

embolus

A

a blood clot (thrombus) that has been dislodged from the wall of a vessel and is traveling through the bloodstream.

32
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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