COA Flashcards - Pharmacology 8% of exam
Drainage of topical drops from the eye and their systemic absorption can be prevented by _____ _____?
Punctal occlusion
What medications are used as topical anesthetics?
Proparacaine or tetracaine
What is the color of bottle caps of prostaglandins?
Teal
What are the classifications of the three large groups of anti-infective agents?
Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals
A true allergic reaction can involve what symptoms?
Itching, rash, difficulty breathing, weak or rapid pulse
_____ drugs induce contraction of the iris sphincter
Miotic
A cycloplegic drug will blur vision at near due to temporary loss of _____
Accomodation
Name the three types of ophthalmic preparations placed directly in the eye?
Solutions, suspensions, ointments
What is the main disadvantage of using an ophthalmic solution?
The duration of contact with the eye is short, therefore it requires frequent instillation.
What is the disadvantage of using an ophthalmic ointment?
The ointment reduces vision by creating a greasy film over the surface of the cornea, and is best used at bedtime.
Name the five basic requirements for ophthalmic preparations?
Tolerance, tonicity, sterility, stability, and penetration
What is benzalkonium chloride?
A preservative commonly used in ophthalmic preparations.
What is the name of the most notorious organism found in ophthalmic preparations?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Eye drops penetrate the eye directly through the _____ and into the anterior chamber
Cornea
How should drops be properly instilled into a patient’s eyes?
Into the lower cul de sac (lower fornix)
How are systemic medications administered?
Orally, injection (subcutaneously or intramuscularly), or intravenously.
What does the term idiosyncrasy refer to with ophthalmic drugs?
An idiosyncrasy is a bizarre, peculiar reaction to a drug that is not commonly seen, such as tremors, excitability or even collapse
What drug classification is contraindicated in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease?
Beta blockers
What symptoms are involved with an allergic reaction to a topically administered drug?
Edema of lids, redness, scaliness, vesicle formation and oozing occur with a reaction to an ophthalmic preparation
What are some of the side effects of long-term use of steroid drops?
Rise in intraocular pressure, cataracts, decreased wound healing, decreased resistance to infection
