Co2 Flashcards
What are the basic blocks of a computer?
Central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output (I/O)
Define central processing unit (CPU).
The electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program.
How is a CPU similar to the human brain?
Both process information; CPU executes programmed instructions, while humans think independently.
What is computer hardware?
Physical components of a computer including memory, CPU, transistors, etc.
What does computer software consist of?
A collection of programs that contain instructions and data for performing specific tasks.
What are the two main types of software?
- System software
- Application software
What is system software?
Programs dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as operating systems and file management utilities.
Define application software.
Programs designed for end users, such as word processors and media players.
What is a compiler?
A program that converts instructions into machine-code or lower-level form for execution by a computer.
What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?
To perform arithmetic and logic operations, serving as the mathematical brain of a computer.
What are the primary functions of an ALU?
- ADD
- SUBTRACT
- NEGATE
- INCREMENT
- DECREMENT
- PASS THROUGH
What is cache memory?
A high-speed memory block used to store data/instructions that may be needed in the immediate future.
What is the role of the clock in a microprocessor?
Synchronizes components and regulates the timing and speed of all computer functions.
What is an instruction set in a microprocessor?
A list of commands that the microprocessor is designed to execute.
What is random-access memory (RAM)?
A hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved, and is volatile in nature.
What is read-only memory (ROM)?
A nonvolatile storage medium whose contents cannot normally be altered once programmed.
Define register in the context of a microprocessor.
Volatile storage for bits that can hold instructions, storage addresses, or any kind of data.
Fill in the blank: An address in computer data storage points to a location where _______ may be accessed.
data
True or False: The contents of RAM are retained when the computer is turned off.
False
What are the two levels of cache memory typically found in microprocessors?
- L1 (Level 1 cache)
- L2 (Level 2 cache)
What is the purpose of addressing mode?
To determine the operand and destination address during instruction execution.
What is the difference between volatile and nonvolatile memory?
Volatile memory (like RAM) loses its contents when power is off, while nonvolatile memory (like ROM) retains its contents.
