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CO1 Biology Study Guide Notes > co1 > Flashcards

co1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biology?

A

The scientific study of life and encompasses a wide scale of size and a huge variety of life, both past and present.

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2
Q

What are we living in?

A

A golden age of biology

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3
Q

What are Scientist Studying?

A

A myriad of questions that are relevant to our lives

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4
Q

Biologist explore life at levels ranging from the….

A

biosphere to the molecules that make up cells

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5
Q

In an ecosystem..

A

Each organism interacts continuously with its environment, both living and NON living factors

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6
Q

What do the dynamics of an ecosystem depend on?

A

The cycling of chemical nutrients and flow of energy

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7
Q

Nutrients…. energy….

A

Nutrients Recycle, Energy Flows.

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8
Q

The cell is at the level…

A

At which properties of life emerge

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9
Q

What is the lowest level of structure that can perform all activities required for life?

A

A cell

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10
Q

All organisms are composed of…

A

CELLS

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11
Q

All cells are enclosed by a…

A

Membrane that regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings and uses DNA as
its genetic information.

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11
Q

Cells are the…

A

Subunits that make up multicellular organisms such as humans and trees

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12
Q

What are two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic, and Eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

The prokaryotic cell is…

A

Simpler and usually smaller and characteristic of bacteria

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14
Q

The Eukaryotic cells are…..

A

Subdivided by internal membranes into different functional compartments called organelles (found in plants and animals)

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15
Q

All cells use _________ as the chemical material of ___________

A

DNA, GENES

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16
Q

What are genes?

A

The units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring

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17
Q

The chemical Language of DNA is common to_______

A

All Organisms

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18
Q

The chemical language of DNA consists of _______ Molecular building blocks

A

FOUR

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19
Q

The names of chemical language is abbreviated with

A

A, G, C, T.

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20
Q

_________________ Has transformed the pharmaceutical industry and extended millions of lives

A

Genetic engineering

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21
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire “book” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

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22
Q

The nucleus of each human cell packs a genome that is about….

A

3 billion chemical letters long

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23
Q

Diversity is….

A

The hallmark of life

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24
Q

How many species does the diversity of known life include?

A

1.8 Million species

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25
Q

The total number of species range between…

A

10 Million to over 100 million

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26
Q

Biodiversity can be…

A

Beautiful yet overwhelming

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27
Q

What helps keep biodiversity from being overwhelming?

A

Categorizing life into groups

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28
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The branch of biology that names and classifies species

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29
Q

What does taxonomy do?

A

It formalizes the hierarchical order of organisms into broader and broader groups

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30
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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31
Q

What kind of cells does Bacteria and Archaea have?

A

Prokaryotic cells

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32
Q

Protists are _____ celled

A

Single

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33
Q

What kind of cells does Eukarya have?

A

Eukaryotic cells

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34
Q

What does Eukarya Include?

A

Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia, and Protists

P,F,A,P

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35
Q

Most plants, fungi and animals are____________

A

Multicellular

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36
Q

Protists are _________ Celled

A

Single celled

37
Q

How are the three multicellalur kingdoms distinguished?

A

By how they obtain food.

38
Q

How do plants produce their own sugars and food?

A

Photosynthesis

39
Q

Fungi are _______, Digesting __________

A

DECOMPOSERS, DEAD ANIMALS

40
Q

Animals obtain food by________

A

EATING AND DIGESTING OTHER ORGANISMS

41
Q

Underlying the diversity of life is a___________

A

STRIKING UNITY

42
Q

All life uses the genetic language of __________

A

DNA

43
Q

Biological evolution accounts for this combination of __________

A

UNITY AND DIVERSITY

44
Q

The history of life is a ______ of a constantly changing ________ and __________ document this history.

A

The history of life is a saga of a constantly changing Earth billions of years old and fossils document this history.

45
Q

Each species is _____________ of a branching tree of life extending back in time through ________ more and more remote.

A

Each species is one twig of a branching tree of life extending back in time through ancestral species more and more remote

46
Q

Species that are more similar, (brown bear, polar bear) ________________________

A

Species that are more similar, (brown bear, polar bear) Share a more recent common ancestor.

47
Q

The evolutionary view of life came into focus in _______ when _____________ published On the Origin of Species by _________________

A

The evolutionary view of life came into focus in (1859) when (Charles Darwin) published On the Origin of Species by (Means of Natural
Selection)

48
Q

Species living today descended from a succession of ____________________ in what Darwin called __________________________
capturing the duality of life’s unity (descent) and diversity (modification)

A

(ancestral species) i (“descent with modification,”)

49
Q

What is natural Selection?

A

The mechanism for descent with modification

50
Q

Darwin was struck by the diversity of animals on______________

A

Galápagos Islands

51
Q

What did Darwin think about adaptation to the environment and the origin of new species?

A

That they are closely related.

52
Q

What happened as populations separated by a geographic barrier adapted to local environments?

A

They became separate species.

53
Q

Darwin synthesized the theory of natural selection from two observations that were _______________________

A

NEITHER PROFOUND OR ORIGINAL

54
Q

Darwins observation 1-

A

OVERPRODUCTION AND COMPETITION

55
Q

Darwins observation 2-

A

INDIVIDUAL VARIATION

56
Q

What did Darwin call unequal reproductive success?

A

NATURAL SELECTION

57
Q

What is the product of natural selection?

A

ADAPTATION

58
Q

What is natural selection the mechanism of?

A

EVELOUTION

59
Q

What are two examples of Natural Selection as given in the text?

A

a. Galápagos finches change beak size depending upon the size and shape of available seeds.

b. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have evolved in response to the overuse of antibiotics

60
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by human.

61
Q

What publication of Darwins texts fueled an explosion of biological research?

A

“The Origin of Species”

62
Q

What is so important about Evolution?

A

Evolution is one of biology’s best demonstrated, most comprehensive, and
longest-lasting theories

63
Q

What does Evolution unify the theme of?

A

BIOLOGY

64
Q

What is the latin origin of the word “Science”

A

TO KNOW

65
Q

What are the TWO MAIN scientific approaches?

A

DISCOVERY SCIENCE, HYPOTHESIS -DRIVEN SCIENCE

66
Q

Science is ______________________________

A

THE WAY OF KNOWING BASED ON INQURY

67
Q

Discovery science is mostly about _______________

A

DESCRIBING NATURE

68
Q

Hypothesis driven science is mostly about ___________________

A

EXPLAINING NATURE

69
Q

Discovery science seeks _________________________________-

A

NATURAL CAUSES FIR NATURAL PHENOMENA WHICH LIMITS THE SCOPE TO THE STUDY OF STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES THAT WE CAN MEASURE OR SEE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY

70
Q

Discovery science requires observations that can be seen so it __________________

A

DISTINGUISHES SCIENCE FROM BELIEF IN THE SUPERNATURAL AND DEMYSTIFIES NATURE

71
Q

What is the data of discovery science?

A

VERIFIABLE OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF DATA (ENABLING US TO DESCRIBE LIFE FROM CELLS TO MOLECULES)

72
Q

Discovery science uses a process of inquiry called?

A

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

73
Q

What can most scientific investigations be described as?

A

HYPOTHESIS DRIVEN SCIENCE

74
Q

A hypothesis is a __________________

A

TENTATIVE ANSWER TO A QUESTION

75
Q

Do we use hypothesis in every day life???

A

YESSS

76
Q

Once a hypothesis is formed an investigator can use _____________ to test it

A

LOGIC

77
Q

After a hypothesis is formed it __________________

A

IS TESTED BY AN EXPIRIMENT TO SEE IF IT THE RESULTS ARE AS PREDICTED

78
Q

How is a scientific theory different than a hypothesis?

A

IT IS A MUCH BROADER SCOPE THAN A HYPOTHESIS

79
Q

How do theories become widely accepted in Science?

A

THEY ARE SUPPORTED BY A LOT OF ACCUMULATED AND VARYING EVIDENCE.

80
Q

Are scientific theories the only way of “knowing nature”?

A

NOOOOOOO

81
Q

What are three different examples of different reasonings for nature?

A

SCIENCE, RELIGION AND ART.

82
Q

Scientist build on what __________________________-

A

HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM EARLIER RESEARCH

83
Q

Who do scientists pay close attention to?

A

Contemporary scientists working on the same problem.

84
Q

What two things characterize the scientific culture?

A

COOPERATION AND COMPETITION

85
Q

Scientists check the conclusions of others by

A

ATTEMPTING TO REPEAT EXPERIMENTS

86
Q

Scientists are generally__________________

A

SKEPTICS

87
Q

What are the two key features that science has that distinguish it from other forms of iniquity?

A

-DEPENDS ON VARIFIABLE OBSERVATIONS
-AND REQUIRES THAT HYPOTHESIS ARE TESTABLE BY EXPERIMENTS THAT CAN BE REPEATED

88
Q

What is the example of how anti-biotic can evolve in our everyday lives

A

take antibiotics–resistant drugs survive-they can multiply and create a new strain

89
Q

WHO is the highly capable and intelligent young woman within this course

A

JEWEL WELLS

CO1 Biology Study Guide Notes (1 decks)

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