Co-ordination and Control in Mammals Flashcards
What are the two types of Co-ordination and Control systems in mammals?
Nervous control system
Hormonal (endocrine) control system
What is the nervous control system?
Consists of a system of neurones (functional unit of the nervous system) that transmit electrical nerve impulses around the body
What is the hormonal control system?
Consists of a system of glands and organs in the body which secrete hormones (chemical messengers) that influence bodily functions- e.g. respiration, digestion, metabolism, growth, excretion etc.
How is the mammalian nervous system split?
Central Nervous System (CNS)- Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- Cranial nerves attached to brain + spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord
What are nerves?
Bundles of neurones protected within an outer layer of connective tissue (epineurium)
Can contain only sensory/motor neurones or contains a mix of both
Can range from <1mm to >1m
What are the components of Nervous control
Receptor
Co-ordinator (CNS)- receives info from the receptors and initiates a response in the effectors
Effector
What are sensory neurones?
Carries electrical nervous impulses from the receptors to the CNS
Part of the PNS
What are connector/relay/association/intermediate neurones?
Carries electrical nervous impulses within the CNS
What are motor neurones?
Carries electrical nervous impulses from the CNS to the effectors
Part of the PNS
What are Nissl granules/body?
Granular body found in neurones of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the Myelin sheath?
Made from myelin lipid formed from the extension of the cell surface membrane of Schwann cells
Repeatedly wrapped around the axon/dendron
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
Protects the nerve fibre and speeds up nervous electrical conduction via insulation (like a plastic sheath around a copper wire)
