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Anatomy module 4 > CNS vasculature > Flashcards

CNS vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior part of the brain? Where do they arise from and where do they insert?

A

The right and left vertebral arteries, they arise from subclavian arteries ascend through transverse foramina of cervical vertebra and enter the cranial cavity via foramen magnum

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2
Q

Which arteries supply the anterior parts of the brain? Where do they come from and where do they insert?

A

The Internal carotid arteries (right and left) arrive as a terminal branch off of the common carotid arteries, they ascend through the neck to base of skull and enter through carotid canal.

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3
Q

What exactly do the vertebral arteries supply

A

Each vertebral artery and its branches supply the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, occipital lobe, temporal lobe (some) and diencephalon (some)

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4
Q

What is the basilar artery

A

At the pontomedullary junction the right and left vertebral arteries unite and form it

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5
Q

What are the spinal arteries?

A

The anterior and posterior spinal arteries arise from the vertebral arteries and supply the spinal cord

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6
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery

A

Arises from vertebral arteries, and unites to form a single artery that travels through the midline of the spinal cord up to(but not including) the dorsal horn

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7
Q

Posterior spinal arteries (2)

A

arise from vertebral arteries and travel just posterior to dorsal horn of the spinal cord (bilateral)

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8
Q

What supplies the upper cervical spinal cord?

A

Branches from the Vertebral Artery

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9
Q

What are Radicular Arteries?

A

Branches of the posterior intercostal arteries that reinforce the anterior and posterior spinal artiers.

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10
Q

What is the radicular artery at T12

A

The Great Radicular artery, which may provide the entire arterial supply for the lumbosacra spinal cord

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11
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

arises from vertebral artery

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12
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

arises from caudal aspect of basilar artery

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13
Q

Pontine arteries

A

come from basilar artery

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14
Q

Superior cerebellar artery

A

arises from rostral aspect of the basilar artery

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15
Q

Internal auditory or labyrinthine artery

A

a branch of AICA supplies inner ear, its occlusion can lead to vertigo and ipsilateral deafness

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16
Q

Posterior cerebral arteries

A

termination site of basilar artery, it bifurcates into two posterior cerebral arteries

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17
Q

Blood supply to caudal medulla?

A

supplied by branches of the Anterior Spinal Artery, PICA and posterior spinal artery

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18
Q

Blood supply to rostral medulla?

A

supplied by branches of the anterior spinal artery, vertebral artery, and PICA

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19
Q

PICA

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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20
Q

Blood supply of pons? (general)

A

generally from basilar artery branches

21
Q

blood supply of caudal pons?

A

basilar artery is supplemented by branches of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

22
Q

Blood supply to rostral pons?

A

basilar artery is supplemented by branches of superior cerebellar artery

23
Q

Blood supply to midbrain (general)

A

Mainly supplied by posterior cerebral arteries and their branches

24
Q

Blood supply to dorsal midbrain

A

from Superior cerebellar artery

25
Q

Lesion to both posterior spinal arteries results in?

A

Loss of vibration and position sense in the entire body except for the head

26
Q

A vascular lesion in the anterior spinal artery will result in?

A

Loss of pain temperature and motor function in the entire body except for the head

27
Q

Wallenbergs Syndrome

A

Lateral medullary syndrome, caused by ischemia in territory of vertebral artery and or PICA.. Will cause decreased pinprick and temperature sensation in contralateral body and ipsilateral head.

28
Q

Locked-in syndrome?

A

Caused typically by bilateral Ventral Pons ischemia, secondary to arthrosclerotic basilar artery steonosis with superimposed basilar thombosis. The patient is essentially unable to move and can only move eyes. Pontomesencephalic reticular formation of midbrain is spared so they are still self aware. It may also be caused by bilateral ventral midbrain ischemia secondary to lack of blood flow in rostral basilar artery which is much less common.

29
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

system of arteries that connect the anterior and posterior arterial cerebral circulation

30
Q

Where in the Postcentral Gyrus does the ACA supply?

A

The medial portion

31
Q

Where in the postcentral gyrus does the MCA supply?

A

The lateral portion

32
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries

A

small branches of the middle cerebral arteries shich supply areas of the internal capsule and deep gray matter (like caudate putamen GPe GPi) they are small thin walled vessels and are frequent sites of stroke.

33
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

protects brain from harm but allows things it needs through. It is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells lining CNS capillaries, which limit flow of substances. Lipid soluble molecules can cross (like nicotine, ethanol, caffeine) Hydrophilic molecules need a carrier. Many medications cant cross

34
Q

Layers of meninges

A

Dura mater (external) Arachnoid (intermediate) Pia mater (inner)

35
Q

Dura Mater

A

two layers: External Periosteal, which is formed by periosteum and adheres to the skull. and Internal meningeal layer, a dense fibrous connective tissue layer.

36
Q

Arachnoid

A

Immediately adjacent to the dura, conforms to shape of brain but does not dip into sulci it is very delicate just like my feelings

37
Q

Pia Mater

A

adheres and contours to the brain

38
Q

Dural reflections

A

at many locations the internal meningeal layer of the dura reflects inward, the two largest are the Falx cerebri and the Tentorium cerebelli. They form dural venous sinuses that receive deoxygenated blood

39
Q

Falx cerebri

A

dural reflection that invaginates along longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

dural reflection between occipital and temporal lobes and cerebellum

41
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

spaces formed by inward reflection of inner meningeal layer of dura, conveys deoxygenated blood from cerebral veins to internal jugular vein which carries blood to heart.

42
Q

Flow of blood from brain

A

cerebral arteries-> capillaries-> cerebral veins-> venous sinuses-> internal jugular vein

43
Q

Epidural space

A

potential space between cranium and periosetal layer of dura

44
Q

Epidural hemorrhage/hematoma

A

bleeding into potential space between cranium and dura from a laceration/tearing of menengeal artery frequently happens with trauma/skull facture

45
Q

Middle meningeal Artery

A

courses in periosteal layer of dura over temporal plate, the skull is thin here and its easy to fracture it.

46
Q

Subdural space

A

potential space between dura and arachnoid

47
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

between arachnoid and pia mater, is a true space that contains blood vessels and csf

48
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/ Hematoma

A

typically an arterial hemorrhage 70% aneurysm may be related to trauma

Anatomy module 4 (1 decks)

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