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Pathology > CNS Tumours > Flashcards

CNS Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

How are CNS Tumours classified?

A

According to the presumed cell of origin.

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2
Q

Name the different types of cells of the CNS and the tumours they cause.

A

1.Glial cells-Astrocyomas,ependymoma,oligodendroglioma,glioblastoma
2.Primitive neuroectodermal cells-medulloblastoma,neuroblastoma
3.Nerve sheath cells-Schwannoma,Neurofibroma
4.Arachnoid cells-Meningioma
5.Lymporeticular cells-lymphoma

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3
Q

Examples of Extrinsic CNS Tumours

A

Meningiomas
neurofibromas
Schwannoma

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4
Q

Examples of Intrinsic CNS tumours.

A

1.Astrocytoma
2.Glioblastoma
3.Medulloblastoma
4.Oligondendrogliomas
5.Ependymomas
6.Choroid plexus papillomas
7.Hemangioblastoma
8.Lymphomas
9.Primitive neuroectodermal tumours.

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5
Q

Describe the ranking of CNS tumours in adults and children?

A

1.Adults-6th commonest
2.Children-2nd commonest

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6
Q

Why do CNS Tumours present with localising signs?

A

1.Tissue destruction
2.Non specific effects of raised intracranial pressure

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7
Q

Where are 70% of tumours in children situated?And what kind of tumours are most of them?

A

1.Posterior Cranial fossa
2.Intrinsic tumours

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8
Q

Where are 70% of tumours in adults situated?And what kind of tumours are most of them?

A

1.Supratentorially
2.Extrinsic and intrinsic both occur frequently.

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9
Q

What determines frequency of metastatic tumours?And what kind of tumours are most of them?

A

1.Age
2.Carcinomas

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10
Q

How do the metastatic tumours spread?

A

1.They form solid deposits in the CSF
2.Spread y speeding in the CSF

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11
Q

What does survival due to Metastatic tumours depend on?

A

Age,site,size and histology of the neoplasm

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of CNS tumour ?

A

Genetic
Chemical & viral
Radiation - ? Mobile phones
Immunosuppression – primary cns lymphomas
Trauma – role unproven

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13
Q

Describe the clinicopathological features of Brain tumours.

A

Brain tumors clinically present in two main ways;
Local effects – focal neurological signs eg epilepsy or paraplegia

Mass effects – non specific signs & symptoms of space occupying lesion ; herniation being the common cause of death

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14
Q

What perecentage of primary adult tumours do astrocytomas contribute to?

A

10%

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15
Q

Where do astrocytomas occur?

A

1.Children-cerebellum
2.Adults-Cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

How are astrocytomas classified?

A

1.According to the predominant cell type and degree of differentiation

17
Q

What does prognosis of Astrocytomas depend on?

A

1.Degree of differentiation
2.Age of pt
3.Site and size

18
Q

What percentage of primary CNS tumours do glioblastomas contribute to?

A

30%

19
Q

Where (in the brain) do glioblastomas occur?

A

In white matter of cerebral hemispheres.

20
Q

How do glioblastomas arise/what are they due to?

A

De-differentiation from pre-existing astrocytomas

21
Q

What does the prognosis of glioblastomas depend on?

A

Prognosis depends on similar features to astrocytomas

22
Q

What is the commonest primitive neuroectodermal tumour?

A

Medulloblastoma

23
Q

Where (in the brain) does a neuroectodermal tumour occur?

A

In cerebellum of children

24
Q

Characteristics of Medulloblastomas?

A

Rapid growth with extensive infiltration,resluting in obstructive hydrocephalus.
CSF seeding is common.

25
Q

Why has prognosis improved in medulloblastomas?

A

Because of radiotherapy

26
Q

What is the chance of 5yr survival rate?

A

60%

27
Q

What percentage of intracranial neoplasms in adults to meningiomas contribute to?

A

18%

28
Q

Which group of people is at risk of meningiomas?

A

Female>males 2:1

29
Q

From which cells do meningiomas arise from?

A

Arachnoid cells

30
Q

Where do meningiomas usually occur in the rain?

A

parasagital region, sphenoid wing, olfactory groove & foramen magnum.

31
Q

Describe the gross appearance of meningiomas?

A

1.Smooth lobulated broadly adherent to dura
2.May infiltrate dura & bone, exceptionally invade brain
3.May markedly compress the brain

32
Q

How do metastatic tumours spread to the CNS tumours?

A

1.Hematogenous
2.Direct spread

33
Q

What is the most common type of metastatic tumours and where are they from?

A

1.Carcinomas
2.kidney,colon,bronchus,breast and malignant melanimas

34
Q

Where do metastatic tumours usually lodge?

A

At the boundary between grey and white matter

35
Q

What happens if the metastatic tumours infiltrate into the subarachnoid space?

A

They cause carcinomatous meningitis

36
Q

Examples of Intrinsic CNS tumours.

A

1.Astrocytoma
2.Glioblastoma
3.Medulloblastoma
4.Oligondendrogliomas
5.Ependymomas
6.Choroid plexus papillomas
7.Hemangioblastoma
8.Lymphomas
9.Primitive neuroectodermal tumours.

Pathology (2 decks)

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