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Neuro Pharmacology > CNS Transmission > Flashcards

CNS Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic activation occurs by

A

noreadrenaline acting on alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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2
Q

Parasympathetic activation occurs by

A

ACh activating muscarinic receptors on peripheral, post-ganglionic neurons targeting tissue

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3
Q

GPCRs involve

A

second messenger systems, more visceral responses over seconds

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4
Q

Somatic activation occurs by

A

ACh acting on nicotinic receptors (ligand-gated ion channel)

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5
Q

What are the requirements for chemical neurotransmission?

A

synthesis and storage of NT; release of NT; inactivation of NT; and receptors (pre and post-junctional)

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6
Q

What are the targets for drug action on chemical neurotransmission?

A

enzymes, carriers, receptors, ion channels

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of inactivation of NA?

A

uptake

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of activation of ACh?

A

metabolism

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9
Q

Cocaine inhibits

A

neuronal re-uptake of noradrenaline

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10
Q

Amphetamine and ephedrine have what action on neuronal uptake?

A

substrates for uptake carrier - taken into nerve, displace NA, promoting its release

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11
Q

What are the neurotransmitter receptors within the CNS?

A

ligand-gated ion channels and GPCR

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12
Q

What are the types of CNS ligand-gated ion channels?

A

excitatory (nicotinic) - depolarize to Na+ influx; inhibitory (GABA A) hyperpolarize to Cl- influx

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13
Q

What type of receptors do NA and dopamine use?

A

GPCRs

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14
Q

What is the function of activation of GPCRs in the CNS?

A

activation of second messengers to modulate ion channel or enzyme activity

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15
Q

Post-synaptic NT receptors are located

A

in dendritic regions

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16
Q

Pre-synaptic NT receptors are located

A

in axon terminals

17
Q

Post-synaptic NT receptors are involved in

A

AP generation and modulation

18
Q

Pre-synaptic NT receptors are involved in

A

NT release

19
Q

The noradrenergic system distributes to

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, descending pathways through brainstem to CV and respiratory centres - diffuse, widely acting

20
Q

The noreadrenergic system produces

A

stimulant effects, mood, appetite, cardiovascular

21
Q

The dopaminergic system distributes

A

more discretely than NA; cell bodies in substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area going up to striatum (motor control), frontal and prefrontal cortex (perception of environment), pituitary

22
Q

Dopamine is involved in pathways for

A

movement (PD), behaviour (SCZ), dependence (via nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area), pituitary (prolactin)

23
Q

Cocaine blocks uptake of

A

dopamine > noradrenaline and serotonin

24
Q

Dopaminergic actions of cocaine are linked to

A

dependence (inhibits reuptake)

25
Q

Noradrenergic/serotonergic actions of cocaine are the basis for

A

antidepressant drugs (inhibits reuptake)

26
Q

Cocaine blocks what type of channels?

A

Na+ (at slightly higher concentrations) - basis for local anaesthetics

27
Q

What is the general cause of Parkinson’s?

A

degeneration of dopaminergic pathways

28
Q

What are the treatments for PD?

A

L-DOPA (precursor to dopamine) + peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (inhibits peripheral conversion of dopamine); monoaminoxidase B inhibitors to decrease dopamine metabolism; dopamine receptor agonists; muscarinic receptor antagonists

29
Q

What is the general cause of Huntington’s?

A

GABA deficiency

30
Q

What are the treatments for Huntington’s?

A

Baclofen (GABA agonist); chlorpromazine (dopamine antagonist)

31
Q

Glutamate is

A

excitatory

32
Q

GABA is

A

inhibitory

33
Q

Dopamine is

A

excitatory and inhibotry (receptor-dependent)

34
Q

Serotonin is

A

excitatory and inhibitory (receptor-dependent)

35
Q

Synapses in the CNS can be

A

excitatory OR inhibitory (depending on NT) but not both

36
Q

How do astrocytes regulate signalling?

A

regulate GABA and glutamate levels; transfer AAs from blood to neurons

37
Q

How are supporting cells involved in neuronal survival?

A

astrocytes - regulating neuron signalling (joins neuron to circulation, regulates GABA/glutamate, AAs); microglia - immune surveillance; generally, pH regulation and ECF homeostasis to maintain optimal CSF for neuronal firing; secretion of neurotrophic factors for development and survival

38
Q

Neurotrophic factors act on

A

tyrosine kinase receptors

Neuro Pharmacology (4 decks)

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