CNS, the Orbit, and Major Plexi Anatomy Flashcards
Week 6 - Week 7. Does not include specific nerves of plexi.
function CN-1
olfactory
foramen CN-1
cribriform plate, go straight forward
how to test CN-1
identify common odors
function CN-II
optic
foramen CN-II
optic canal, forms an X
how to test CN-II
visual field, acuity, pupillary reflex
function CN-III
oculomotor, innervates most eye muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, eyelid, pupil, lens
foramen CN-III
superior orbital fissure
how to test CN-III
pupil constriction, H pattern
function CN-IV
trochlear, innervates superior oblique
foramen CN-IV
superior orbital fissure
how to test CN-IV
H pattern
function CN-V
trigeminal (WHY IS THIS NOT 3 THAT IS SO ANNOYING); sensorimotor to face; ophthalmic
foramen CN-V
opthalmic = superior orbital fissure maxillary = foramen rotundum mandibular = foramen ovale
how to test CN-V
touch, pain, eye touch, teeth contraction
function CN-VI
abductens; innervates lateral rectus; defect = lazy eye
foramen CN-VI
superior orbital fissure
how to test CN-VI
H pattern
function CN-VII
face motor, some sensory, taste, tears, spit
foramen CN-VII
internal acoustic meatus
how to test CN-VII
taste discrimination, facial weakness, eyelid reflex (to light touch)
function CN-VIII
vestibulocochlear; balance, eye movements (vestibular); hearing (cochlear)
foramen CN-VIII
internal acoustic meatus
how to test CN-VIII
hearing loss, vertigo
function CN-IX
glossopharyngeal, taste, sinus, nasal/oral pharynx
foramen CN-IX
jugular
how to test CN-IX
gag reflex
function CN-X
vagus, thoracic, abdominal, larynx, pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus
foramen CN-X
jugular
how to test CN-X
swallowing, speaking, gag reflex, say “ahh”
function CN-XI
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motor
foramen CN-XI
jugular
how to test CN-XI
weakness turning head or shrugging shoulders
function CN-XII
tongue motor
foramen CN-XII
hypoglossal canal
how to test CN-XII
stick out tongue (deviation, atrophy, fasciculations)
nerves _____ exit above respective vertebrae while remaining exit below vertebrae
C1-C7
terminal end of spinal cord
conus medularis, which then continues into the filium terminae (which is pia mater), which then branches into roots called cauda equina (looks like horse tail)
conus medularis is located _____ and continues into the _____
terminal end of spinal cord, filium terminae and then cauda equina
where is lp done and why
lp is done in space between L3 and L4. By this point spinal cord has terminated but cauda equina (nerve roots, which, like all nerve routes, run through subarachnoid space, which contains csf) continues. below spinal cord so damage is unlikely.
dorsal root contains ____ (motor/sensory) fibers while ventral root is _____
dorsal = sensory (SAD)
ventral = motor (VROOM VROOM)
both have both visceral and somatic
roots split (motor) or coalesce (sensory) into ____
rootlets
dorsal ramus usually innervates ____ while ventral usually innervates ____
dorsal = back ventral = rest of body
thoracic nerves usually innervate _____ while cervical innervate ____ and lumbar innervate ____
thoracic = intercostal muscles cervical = cervical and brachial plexus lumbar = lumbar and sacral plexus
structures found in DRG
cell bodies of spinal nerves …
dorsal ramus contains ___ fibers while ventral ramus contains ___
both contain both motor and sensory nerve fibers
what two structures come together to form spinal nerve
dorsal and ventral roots
what two structures emerge from spinal nerve
dorsal and ventral rami
cervical, brachial, lumbar plexi are ____ (visceral/somatic)
somatic
what fills epidural space
csf
what fills subarachnoid space
csf
what courses through optic canal?
optic nerve (CN2) ophthalmic artery
what courses through superior orbital fissure?
CN3 through 6 (only V1 of trigeminal)
ophthalmic vein
superior oblique innervation
CN4 trochlear
superior rectus innervation
CN3 occulomotor
medial rectus innervation
CN3 occulomotor
lateral rectus innervation
CN6
inferior rectus innervation
CN3 occulomotor
inferior oblique innervation
CN3 occulomotor
ophthalmic artery is a branch of ___, has a branch named ____ that courses through CN2, located near ___, and that’s important because…
located near medial side of orbit
ophthalmic veins connect to ___
facial veins and veins inside skull
type of fibers in cardiac plexus
visceral motor sympathetic
visceral motor parasympathetic
visceral sensory
what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to cardiac plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
CN10 vagus, preganglionic
what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to cardiac plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
sympathetic chain, postganglionic
type of fibers in pulmonary plexus
visceral motor sympathetic
visceral motor parasympathetic
visceral sensory
what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to pulmonary plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
CN10 vagus, preganglionic
what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to pulmonary plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
sympathetic chain, postganglionic
types of fibers in esophageal plexus
visceral motor sympathetic
visceral motor parasympathetic
visceral sensory
what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to esophageal plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
CN10 vagus, preganglionic
what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to esophageal plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?
sympathetic chain, postganglionic
what ventral rami form the lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
what is innervated by lumbar plexus
lower extremities
types of fibers in lumbar plexus
somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic visceral motor (to blood vessels)
what ventral rami form the brachial plexus
C5-T1
what is innervated by brachial plexus
upper extremities
types of fibers in brachial plexus
somatic sensory
somatic motor
sympathetic visceral motor (to blood vessels)
where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
ventral horn of grey matter in spinal cord
where are cell bodies of somatic sensory neurons
dorsal root ganglia
where are cell bodies of sympathetic motor neurons
sympathetic chain
