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Pharmacy Stage 3 - CNS > CNS structure and function > Flashcards

CNS structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of the body’s oxygen does the brain use?

A

25%

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2
Q

what percentage of the body’s glucose does the brain use?

A

50%

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3
Q

what is the CSF?

A

a shock absorbing medium used to exchange nutrients and waste

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4
Q

where is the CSF formed?

A

in the choroid plexus

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5
Q

which cells in the choroid plexus secrete CSF?

A

non-ciliated ependymal cells

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6
Q

what is hydrocephalus?

A

a build up of CSF in the brain causing pressure

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7
Q

what is communicating hydrocephalus?

A

failure to absorb CSF

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8
Q

what is non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

failure to circulate CSF to subarachnoid space

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9
Q

what do astrocyte foot processes do?

A

secrete paracrines that promote tight junction formation

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10
Q

what are the four lobes of the telencephalon cerebral cortex?

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Occipital Lobe
  4. Temporal Lobe
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11
Q

what is the frontal lobe used for?

A

used for reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem-solving
(found in front of central sulcus)

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12
Q

what is the parietal lobe used for?

A

touch, pressure, temperature, pain

found behind central sulcus

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13
Q

what is the occipital lobe used for?

A

vision

found behind temporal and parietal lobes

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14
Q

what is the temporal lobe used for?

A

perceiving and recognising auditory stimuli (sound) and memory (found below the lateral fissure)

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15
Q

what are the three specialisations of the telencephalon?

A
  1. Sensory areas - for sensory input
  2. Motor areas - for skeletal muscle movement
  3. Association areas - for voluntary movement and info b/w sensory and motor.
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16
Q

what is the blood brain barrier formed by?

A

capillary endothelial cells joined by tight junctions

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17
Q

what does the blood brain barrier prevent the entry of?

A

neurotoxins and drugs into the brain by active transport mediated by p-glycoproteins

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18
Q

what do endothelial cells allow the diffusion of?

A

-small hydrophobic molecules e.g. CO2, O2, hormones

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19
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

in the postcentral gyrus

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20
Q

what is the somatosensory homunculus?

A

caricature of cortical tissue devoted to each sensory function

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21
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

in the precentral gyrus

22
Q

what does the primary motor cortex do?

A

controls voluntary movements

23
Q

what is the motor homunculus?

A

caricature of cortical tissue devoted to each motor function

24
Q

what is the limbic system used for?

A

motivation, learning, memory

25
Q

what are the parts of the Limbic system?

A
  1. cingulated gyrus
  2. hippocampus
  3. amygdala
26
Q

what does the cingulated gyrus do?

A

-coordinates sensory inputs with emotions, emotional responses to pain

27
Q

what does the hippocampus do?

A

sends memories out to right part of cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieving them when necessary.

28
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

involved in emotional responses and linking emotions with memory

29
Q

what does the basal nuclei do?

A
  • controls fine movements, reward and motivation
  • helps with posture
  • controls behaviour/habits
30
Q

what does the diencephalon - thalamus do?

A

co-ordinates the activities of the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

31
Q

what does the diencephalon - hypothalamus do?

A
  • receives signals and sends them to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
  • sends neural and hormonal outputs to pituitary
32
Q

what does the midbrain control?

A
  1. visual system
  2. auditory system
  3. eye movement
33
Q

what do the red nucleus and substantia nigra do?

A

control body movement

34
Q

what does the degeneration of neurons in the substantial nigra cause?

A

parkinsons disease

35
Q

what 2 things is the midbrain comprised of?

A
  1. Tectum

2. Tegmentum

36
Q

what does the tectum do?

A

responsible for the auditory/visual reflexes

37
Q

what are the 2 parts of the tectum?

A
  1. superior colliculi - top part controlling visual reflex

2. inferior colliculi - bottom part controlling auditory reflex

38
Q

what are the 5 parts of the tegmentum?

A
  1. periaqueductal gray
  2. substantia nigra & red nucleus
  3. ventral tegmental area
  4. raphe nuclei
  5. locus coeruleus
39
Q

what does the periaqueductal gray do?

A

deals with pain and fear

40
Q

what does the ventral tegmental area do?

A

deals with reward and addiction

41
Q

what does the raphe nuclei do?

A

deals with mood and depression

42
Q

what does the locus coeruleus do?

A

deals with anxiety

43
Q

what are the three types of hindbrain cerebellum?

A
  1. vestibulocerebellum
  2. spinocerebellum
  3. cerebrocerebellum
44
Q

what is the vestibulocerebellum used for?

A

balance and eye movement

45
Q

what is the spinocerebellum used for?

A

muscle tone and controls voluntary movement

46
Q

what is the cerebrocerebullum used for?

A

planning and initiating voluntary activity

47
Q

what is the hindbrain pons and medulla used for?

A

relaying information between the brain and spinal cord

48
Q

what is the pons used for?

A
  • acts as a motor/sensory relay centre
  • supports respiration
  • maintains our sleep-wake cycle
49
Q

what is the medulla used for?

A
  • useful in cardiac and respiratory rhythm

- reticular formation begins in the medulla oblongata

50
Q

what does the hindbrain reticular activating system do?

A

controls the degree of cortical alertness/level of consciousness

Pharmacy Stage 3 - CNS (13 decks)

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