CNS stimulants

Question 1

How much dose of caffeine is considered a lethal dose?

Answer 1

10 grams or 100 cups of coffee per day

Question 2

What are the withdrawals symptoms of caffeine?

Answer 2

Head ache
Irritability
Lethargy

Question 3

What causes nicotine addiction?

Answer 3

Increased levels of dopamine

Question 4

What is the risk of smoking during pregnancy?

Answer 4

It changes the uterine structure by reducing capillary flow leading to abnormal gaseous exchange.
It increases the risk of placenta abruptio
Increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy
Placenta previa

Question 5

Mention the methylxanthines

Answer 5

Caffeine
Theobromine
Theophylline

Question 6

A 20 year old presents with depression and suicidal ideation after using a drug which helps quit smoking. What drug is he using?

Answer 6

VARENICLINE

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines?

Answer 7

They antagonise adenosine receptors and have a close relationship with increasing dopamine.

They also increase cAMP and cGMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase.

Question 8

Mechanism of nicotine?

Answer 8

It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the CNS and activates sympathetic nervous system and releases epinephrine.

Question 9

Mechanism of cocaine

Answer 9

Inhibits the uptake of dopamine

Serotonin and norepinephrine increasing their saturation at the synaptic cleft.

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action of VARENICLINE

Answer 10

it is a partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 11

Why are beta blockers not used in treatment of cocaine induced hypertension?

Answer 11

Cocaine causes tachycardia
Giving beta blockers will block beta 2 Vaso dilation also leaving the unopposed alpha 1 receptors which causes vasoconstriction.
This can cause vasoconstriction of the coronary artery’s and an end organ failure.

RATHER GIVE ALPHA 1 BLOCKER
NOTE BENZODIAZEPINES ARE THE FIRST LINE OF Tx for cocaine intoxication

Question 12

Psychomotor stimulants includes?amphetamines. Which class of drug is amphetamine?

Answer 12

Non cathecolamine sympathomimetic increases the release of catecholamine

Question 13

What is the management of ADHD?

Answer 13

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dexmethyphenidate( focalin)
Dextroamphetamine(Dexedrine)

Question 14

What are the side effects of amphetamines?

Answer 14

Weight loss due to methylphenidate which is an appetite suppressant

GI symptoms like abdominal pain nausea etc.

Insomnia
Nervousness

Question 15

Which drug is a non stimulating medication used in management of ADHD?

Answer 15

Atomoxetine which works on only norepinephrine uptake. It doesnt have any signs of sedation or euphoria since dopamine is not involved.

Question 16

What is the therapeutic use of amphetamine aside ADHD ?

Answer 16

Narcolepsy

Question 17

Modafinil and Armodafinil are drug choice for ?

Answer 17

NARCOLEPSY

Question 18

What are the adverse effects of amphetamines?

Answer 18

Delirium 
Insomnia
Hyperactivity reflexes
There can be suicide
Tremors 
Irritability 
Weakness and dizziness

Question 19

Which drug is used in the management of amphetamines overdose?

Answer 19

HALOPERIDOL
CHLOPROMAZINE

They help with hypertension associated with amphetamines overdose by antagonising alpha 1 receptors.

Question 20

What are the contraindications of amphetamines?

Answer 20

Hypertension 
Hx of drug use 
Cardiovascular dx 
Glaucoma
HYPERTHYROIDISM

Question 21

Which class of drug is ECSTASY?

Answer 21

It’s an MDMA( methylene dioxymethyamphetamine)