Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopharm Q4 > CNS stimulants > Flashcards

CNS stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine

A

CNS stimulants examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

increased arousal, increased attention and mental focus

A

lower doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sympathomimetic effects (HR,BP, respiration, fight/flight), decreased fatigue, mood elevation, excitation, enhanced self-worth

A

higher doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

side effects become more common and problematic as

A

dosage increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anxiety/nervousness, irritability/edginess, psychotic symptoms such as paranoia and hallucinations (e.g., formication)

A

side effects of dosage increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thought process in which you believe you are the target of malicious intentions

A

paranoia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

formication, perception of a stimulus that isn’t there

A

hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tactile hallucinations such as the feeling of bugs crawling across the skin

A

formication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the “third scourge” of humanity, has been used since before recorded history

A

cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the “first scourge” of humanity

A

alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the “second scourge” of humanity

A

opium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

since cocaine is a basic drug, it won’t get absorbed will with this form of administration

A

oral administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cocaine enters here through snorting

A

mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

smoking cocaine is actually more like vaporization of “free base” or crack, solid to vapor

A

inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

would be used by plucking plants and chewing on them, originally a key ingredient in Coca-Cola

A

cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

recommended by Sigmund Freud, used as a medicinal drug in certain situations (topical anesthetic)

A

cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inhalation-Iv-intranasal membrane (-oral)

A

onset and duration of effect (least to most strongest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

half life average, slow onset, last longer

A

1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

detectable in urine, saliva, and hair

A

metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

easier for brain to tolerate

A

more destructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

consequent to frequent cocaine snorting, constricts blood vessels, tissues die, this forms

A

oronasal fistula

22
Q

Mainly a reuptake blocker, most active at 5-HT reuptake transporters, then DA, then least active
on NE transporters

A

catecholamine agonist effect

23
Q

action on these receptors is most relevant to psychoactive effects

A

dopamine

24
Q

synaptic pooling of what and increased activity at what receptors seems crucial

A

dopamine, D3

25
Q

derivatives that block Na+ channel activity (and AP) in axons that are important local anesthetics, similar to tetrodotoxin

A

procaine (Novocain) and lidocaine (Xylocaine)

26
Q

This blockage of action potential can be a useful in this effect

A

PNS

27
Q

At high local concentrations, can block
activity at Na+ channels in axon, where is it not seen

A

CNS

28
Q

Longer acting and perhaps more efficacious than cocaine itself, combined with alcohol, cocaine is metabolized into

A

cocaethylene

29
Q

notably, downregulation of post-synaptic DA
receptors (& autoreceptor-linked longer-term decrease in DA synthesis)

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance

30
Q

exaggerated responsiveness to a dose of drug

A

sensitization

31
Q

Classical conditioning, Physiological mechanisms (depending on usage patterns, probably)

A

aspects of sensitization

32
Q

post-synaptic receptor downregulation & ↓ in DA synthesis… thus, need much larger dosage

A

frequent use

33
Q

massive receptor upregulation (happens before DA synthesis normalizes)

A

abstain

34
Q

Use heavily again after receptors have upregulated

A

exaggerated effect

35
Q

this is somewhat unpredictable in that it can lead to greater or lesser effect across people and across usage episodes

A

cocaine

36
Q

Benzedrine, Adderall, made up of d- and l-amphetamine

A

amphetamine

37
Q

Dexedrine, containing just the d-enantiomer

A

dextro-amphetamine

38
Q

hangs around the body a little longer than other amphetamines and variants (methedrine)

A

methamphetamine

39
Q

khat and “bath salts”

A

cathinones

40
Q

collects and pools like cocaine

A

dopamine

41
Q

leads to desirable results for ADHD such as focusing on and completing tasks

A

low dose

42
Q

increases psychomotor function such as quick burst muscle activities like swimming, fine motor control is hindered like golfing, improves mood and emotional state

A

high dose

43
Q

long term consequence of amphetamine use

A

amphetamine psychosis

44
Q

repetitive behaviors performed over and over again over a span of time (typically hours) like rocking back and forth

A

stereotyped behaviors

45
Q

occurs when using meth over a long period of time, due to decrease in hygiene, xerostomia (dry mouth), and bruxism

A

meth mouth

46
Q

clenching/teeth grinding

A

bruxism

47
Q

ADHD drug, Ritalin, baby version of cocaine

A

methylphentamate

48
Q

ADHD drug, need more than 1 dose of this to be affective over a long period of time, taking it with concerta extends longevity

A

Ritalin

49
Q

ADHD drug, runs through liver and gets converted to d-amphetamine

A

Vyvanse (lisoexamfetamine)

50
Q

ADHD drug, targets norepinephrine

A

Strattera (atomoxetine)

51
Q

low tonic activity, bigger the phasic bursts, huge bursts in phasic activity causes more attention to distractions

A

ADHD activity

52
Q

ADHD drugs increase this neurotransmitters level to increase tonic for smaller phasic bursts

A

dopamine

Psychopharm Q4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions