CNS Pharmacology Flashcards
NE - location of synthesis
locus ceruleus (pons)
DA - location of synthesis
ventral tegmentum, SNc (substantia nigra, midbrain)
5-HT - location of synthesis
raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)
Ach - location of synthesis
basal nucleus of Meynert
GABA - location of synthesis
nucleus accumbens
NE - increased
anxiety
NE - decreased
depression
DA - increased
Huntington dz
DA - decreased
Parkinson dz, depression
ACh - increased
Parkinson dz
ACh - decreased
Alzheimer dz, Huntinton dz
GABA - increased
none
GABA - decreased
anxiety, Huntington dz
Antidepressants - Neurogenesis Hypothesis
- depression results from impaired hippocampal neurogenesis
- antidepressants (ADs) -> increase monoamine neurotransmitters -> increase hippocampal neurogenesis and decrease neuronal cell death + restores synapses
- explains lag in clinial efficacy of ADs, effect of stress on brain, increase of hippocampal vol
Glutamate +/- and Receptors
majority of excitatory (+) synapses in CNS
ionotropic - KAR, AMPAR, NMDAR (Mg2+ blocking, must bind glycine too)
metabotropic - mGluR 1 and 2
GABA +/– and Receptors
majority of inhibitory (–) synapses in CNS
ionotropic - GABAa (permeable to Cl–)
metabotrobic - GABAb (increase K+ conductance and hyperpolarize the cell)
Catecholamine Synthesis
tyrosine
(tyrosine hydroxylase)
dopa
(dopa decarboxylase)
dopamine
(dopamine B-hydroxylase)
norepinephrine
(phentolamine N-methyltransferase)
epinephrine
Dopamine Receptors
metabotropic DA receptors
NE Recpetors
a1 = + phospholipase C
a2 = – adenyl cyclase
B = stimulate adeny cyclase
Serotonin Synthesis
tryptophan
(tryptophan hydroxylase)
5-hydroxytryptophan
(L-amino acid decarboxylase)
serotonin
