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Anatomy Module III > CNS Overview > Flashcards

CNS Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Main parts of the CNS

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Ventricles and meninges
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2
Q

Main parts of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
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3
Q

Parts of the Cerebrum

A
  • Cerebral hemispheres(2)

- Diencephalon

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4
Q

Parts of cerebral hemispheres

A
  • Cerebral cortex

- Subcortical gray matter

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5
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, Thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus

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6
Q

parts of the brainstem

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
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7
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridge on the cerebrum

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8
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove between ridges

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9
Q

Fissure

A

A very deep sulcus

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10
Q

Cerebrum(how its divided)

A
  • There are 2 cerebral hemispheres(Halves)

- each hemisphere is divided into 4-5 anatomical lobes

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11
Q

Cerebral hemisphere lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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12
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe

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13
Q

Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

A

Separates the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

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14
Q

Parietooccipial sulcus

A

separates occipital from from the parietal lobe

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15
Q

corpus callosum

A

Major axonal bundles joining 2 cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

major fossae of the cranial cavity

A
  • Anterior cranial fossa
  • Middle cranial fossa
  • Posterior cranial fossa
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17
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A
  • Above the orbit and nasal cavity

- Filled by the frontal lobe

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18
Q

Middle Cranial fossa

A

Contains the temporal lobe

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19
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A
  • Largest and deepest of the fossa

- contains the cerebellum and brainstem

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20
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Extension of the dura mater that is superior to the cerebellum and inferior to the occipital lobe

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21
Q

Bones of the anterior cranial fossa

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Sphenoid bone
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22
Q

Bones of the Middle cranial fossa

A
  • Sphenoid bone

- Temporal bone

23
Q

Bones of the posterior cranial fossa

A
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Temporal bone
  • Occipital bone
24
Q

Cerebral cortex (general)

A

layers of neurons on the outside of the cerebrum

-6 layers(neocortex) numbered from outside- in

25
Q

Gray matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies in CNS

26
Q

White matter

A

Formed by the axons

27
Q

Nissil stain

A

Stains neuronal cell bodies

28
Q

Myelin stain

A

stains myelinated axons

29
Q

Gray matter and white matter location in the cerebrum

A

Gray matter comprises of most of the outer surface(cerebral cortex)
White matter comprises most of the interior.

30
Q

Corona radiata

A

The white matter immediately deep to the gray matter that radiates and fans out like a “crown”

31
Q

Internal capsule(Location)

A
  • Deep to the corona radiata

- What matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus

32
Q

Internal capsule(regions)

A
  • Anterior limb
  • Posterior limb
  • Genu
  • Retrolenticular
  • Sublenticular
33
Q

Cerebral cortex organication

A

It is highly organized
-Information is first processed by the primary sensory cortices then travels to association cortices where integration occurs.

34
Q

What structure does the thalamus form?

A

The third ventricle walls are formed by the thalamus

Can be seen on a mid saggittal view

35
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Bilateral and highly organized

- Made up of many nuclei

36
Q

“Gateway” to the cerebral cortex(what is it and why is it called this)

A

The Thalamus

  • It is called the gateway because mjority of the sensory and motor pathways relay at the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex.
  • Also many coritcal regions send projections back to the thalamus
37
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Important in maintaining the internal environment in a physiological range(promotes maintenance of homeostasis)
-Comprised of many nulcei

38
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Little brain”

  • Receives extensive sensory input
  • Projects to the subcortical structures and indirectly to the coritcal regions
  • Influences motor cognitive, and behavioral functions
39
Q

Brain stem main parts

A 
(Rostal to caudal)
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
(each can be divided into caudal and rostral aspects)
40
Q

Spinal cord

A

Rostral spinal cord is continuous with the caudal medulla

-Spinal nerves emerge to form peripheral nerves that carry seonsory/motor information to/from the CNS(respectively)

41
Q

What kind of neurons are sensory neurons?

A

Psuedounipolar

42
Q

Ipsilateral

43
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side

44
Q

Bilateral

A

On both sides

45
Q

Unilateral

A

on one side

46
Q

The ventricles (list and function)

A
  • Lateral ventricles(one on each side,2 total)
  • 3rd ventricle
  • Cerebral aqueduct
  • 4th ventricle
  • Central canal of the spinal cord
47
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

Joins the two lateral ventricles

48
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

A duct that joins the 3rd and 4th ventricle going caudally

49
Q

4th ventricle

A

posterior to the pons

50
Q

Meninges(list parts)

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia mater
51
Q

Dura mater

A

Covers the outside of the brain. Does NOT go into the sulci
Thickest/toughest layer
opaque

52
Q

Arachnoid

A

Middle layer
Thin and transparent
Does NOT go into the sulci

53
Q

Pia mater

A

Internal layer
adheres to the brain(cannot peel it off without damaging the tissue)
Dips into the sulci

Anatomy Module III (2 decks)

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