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CNS (Neuro) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the temporal lobe

A

Auditory processing
Wernickie’s area
Memory / info retrieval

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2
Q

Functions of the parietal Lobe

A

tactile perception
sensory discrimination
body orientation

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3
Q

Apraxia and agnosia is from lesion of which part of the brain

A

Parietal

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4
Q

Disinhibition and lack of memory is a lesion in

A

Frontal LObe

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5
Q

Frontal lobe is supplied by which artery

A

ACA and A Comm artery

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6
Q

Pain and temperature is by which spinal tract

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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7
Q

Chronic pain is processed by which tract

A

Spino reticular tract

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8
Q

Motor pathway that controls the muscles of the Face neck and head

A

Corticobulbar pathway

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9
Q

spinal pathway that aids in balance and movement

A

Extrapyramidal tract

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10
Q

Cranial nerves at the midbrain

A

3 and 4

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11
Q

Effects of medullary syndrome

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory except the face
with ipsilateral tongue deviation
Dysphagia , horseness and intractable hiccups

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12
Q

Involvement of which tract in horner syndrome

A

Spinothalamic tract

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13
Q

Trouble with Chewing is stoke in which artery

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery `

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14
Q

Medial Pontine syndrome

A

facial asymmetry
horizontal gaze palsy

can be caused by occlusion at the basilar artery

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15
Q

Findings of a midbrain stroke

A

Oculomotor nerve palsy
ptosis
Mydriasis
down and out position of the pupil

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16
Q

Weber syndrome

A

MC with midbrain stroke
Oculomotor nerve palsy
contralateral hemiplegia

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17
Q

locked in syndrome is from occlusion of which artery

A

Basilar artery

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18
Q

Signs of ACA stroke

A

contralateral sensory loss
incontinence
Babinski sign

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19
Q

Signs of MCA stroke

A

MC site
Paralysis and sensory loss
Speech deficits

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20
Q

Signs of PCA Stroke

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

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21
Q

Signs of lacunar strokes

A

intact cortical functions
pure motor stroke - posterior limb of the internal capsule
- numbness of contralateral face and legs
Sensorimotor stroke - hemi pheresis and numbness -
thalamus

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22
Q

Crossed findings found in which stroke

A

Brainstem stroke

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23
Q

medial structures of the brainstem

A

Motor pathway
medial lemniscus
Medial Longitudinal fasciculus
motor component of cranial nerves

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24
Q

side structures of the brainstem

A

Spinocerebellar pathway
spinothalamic
sympathetic pathway
sensation of face

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25
artery involved in medial medullary syndrome
Anterior Spinal artery
26
signs of lateral medullary syndrome
ipsilateral face and contralaterally body ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, swallowing and speaking Stoke in the PICA
27
Lateral pontine syndrome
stroke at AICA horner syndrome loss of taste and facial palsy partial deafness
28
Medial pontine syndrome
ipsi-face, contra-body medial ophthalmoplegia at the basilar artery
29
TIA
last for less than 24 hours chance of impending stroke Ix- carotid doppler, CT Rx- Aspirin and Clopidogrel
30
interventions for Acute stroke
tPA withing 3 hours aspirin within 48 hrs Hemicraniectomy for severe cerebral oedema
31
When to do endarterectomy
more than 70% occlusion
32
indication for carotid duplex ultrasound
Bruits in neck TIA Crescendo TIA hemispheric stroke
33
tPA medication used in stroke
Alteplase
34
target blood pressure in stroke management
below 185/110
35
when is Endovascular Thrombectomy performed
Occlusion of large blood vessel like carotid, basilar, cerebral within 6 hours also if the patient is taking an anticoagulant hence alteplase is contradicted
36
Antihypertensives avoided in SAH
Nitroprusside and Nitroglycerin
37
Headache with ipsilateral autonomic features like sweating and lid drooping
Cluster headache , Tx with Verapamil
38
Asymmetrical lower limb weakness, areflexia and intact sensation
GBS
39
Distal weakness and atrophy in both hands
Syringomyelia
40
Blurring, Retro orbital pain , Bladder control, pins and needles , walking difficulty in a 20 plus women
MS
41
Hallmark finding of MS in lumbar tap
Oligoclonal Bands
42
Cannot properly hold car keys
CTS
43
44
Test for GBs
Ncs
45
common peroneal nerve injury causes
Affects version and dersiflexion of ankle. ( tibias anterior and peroneous muscle
46
Pathology of ALS
Degeneration of the corti cospinal tracts, neurons in the motor cortex and brain- stem, and anterior horn cells in the spinal cord
47
Signs of UMN lesion
Weakness Spasticity Hyperreflexia Pronator drift Babinski Sign
48
Signs of LMN lesions
Weakness/ paralysis Fasciculation Atrophy decreased tenson reflex
49
Which lesion presents with Hyperreflexia
UMN lesion
50
What is reduced Pyramidal Pattern of weakness
Extensors weaker than flexors in the arm and vice versa in the legs
51
a disease than presents with both UMN and LMN findings
ALS
52
Presentation if the UMN lesion is above the decussation
Spastic paralysis contralateral if below - Ipsilateral
53
where is the paralysis in LMN lesion
At the level of lesion , Ipsilaterally
54
Signs of Bell's Palsy
Facial paralysis Drooping face (+) Bell's reflex Change in taste hyperacusis inability to wrinkle brow
55
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Also called as Herpes zoster oticus Vesicular eruptions on the ear or ear canal (crusts) + ipsilateral facial paralysis Other symptoms: otalgia sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo. Incidence increases after age 60 Nerve degeneration is more progressive and severe than Bell 's palsy! Prognosis for recovery is worse! Treatment: antivirals — within first 72 hrs! steroids pain management — very painful
56
Treatment of ALS
Riluzole to prevent progression of disease Baclofen to treat spasticity
57
Diagnostic findings of GBS
IgG antibodies to Ganglioside antibodies in serum increased CSF protein Decreased nerve conduction velocity
58
PE findings in MG
Ptosis Weakness and Fatigue Diplopia Bulbar- Weakness of Chewing , Swallowing , Speech Resp Failure
59
Treatment for MG
- Thymectomy - Plasmapheresis in acute crisis Initial treatment is Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine
60
Drug used to wean off a patient of MG with steroids
Azathioprine
61
Signs of BROWN -SEQUARD SYNDROME
Ipsilateral spastic paresis below the injury ipsilateral loss of joint position sense, tactile discrimination, and vibratory sensations below the lesion. contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation starting 1 or 2 segments below the level of the lesion.
62
Characteristic findings of ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
acute onset of flaccid paralysis that evolves into a spastic paresis over days to weeks. loss of pain and temperature sensation with sparing of vibration and position
63
Spinal nerve of hip flexion
L2
64
How many spinal nerves are there
31
65
Signs of sciatic nerve damage
wasting below the knee Weak flexion of the knee Weak extension of the hip Stamping gait All the muscles below the knee are paralyzed, and the weight of the foot causes it to assume the plantar-flexed position, or Foot Drop.
66
Divisions of Sciatic nerve
Tibial and peroneal
67
Signs of Fibular nerve damage
presentation of the common fibular nerve injury is a "foot drop". It ranges from the weakness of the dorsiflexion and toe extension to the complete paralysis and inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot. The main sensory symptom is the loss of sensation in the dorsum of the foot and the first dorsal webspace.

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