CNS Infections and Hemotoma

Question 1

How are CNS infections named?

Answer 1

What + Where

Organism and location

Question 2

Routine bacteria

Answer 2

Pyogenic

Question 3

Virus organism

Answer 3

Lymphocytic

Question 4

Mould and fungus organism

Answer 4

Granulomatous

Question 5

Infection located in brain tissue

Answer 5

Encephalitis

Question 6

Infection located in brain protective membrane

Answer 6

Meningitis

Question 7

Infection located in spinal cord tissue

Answer 7

Myelitis

Question 8

Infection located in spinal cord protective membrane

Answer 8

Spinal meningitis

Question 9

Ongoing post infection impairments

Answer 9

1. gate/motor dysfunctions
2. Sensory abnormalities
3. Speech and language impairments
4. Vision and hearing loss
5. Epilepsy
6. Memory and cognition impairments
7. Sleep impairments
8. Personality change and mood disorders
9. CP (infancy/toddler encephalitis or meningitis)
10. Pain

Question 10

Which organism has a slower CNS itis onset?

Answer 10

Granulomatous

Vs. Pyogenic and lymphocytic which are RAPID/ACUTE

Question 11

S/S of CNS itis

Answer 11

1. Severe headache and or spinal pain
2. Flu like symptoms
3. Neurological signs and symptoms
4. Possible presence of meningeal sign and symptoms

*follow up question:
What are meningeal S/S? (3)

Question 12

Three meningeal signs and symptoms

Answer 12

1. Severe, sudden onset next deafness without obvious explanation
2. Brudzinski Sign: +’ve w neck FL= explosive P in head and/or down the spine, person often quickly goes into fetal position (reflexively Bc impingement of the posterior spinal tracts)
3. Kernig’s Sign: +’ve w hip FL + knee EX (uni/bilateral) = intense pain in the spine and or into head; person often reflexively goes into fetal position

Question 13

Hematoma

Answer 13

Potentially dangerous bleed scenarios as a result of a BV destabilization during a head impact

Question 14

T/F

A risk of haematoma is unrelated to the size and intensity of head trauma

Answer 14

True dat yo

Question 15

How are hematomas named?

Answer 15

Location location location

Question 16

Name the two most common types of hematomas

Answer 16

1. Epidural Hematoma

2. Subdural Hematoma

Question 17

Typically an arterial bleed, so can generate high volume, pressure bleeding once the vessel blows.

HIGH PRESSURE BLEED -> SHARPEY’S FIBRES SNAP -> BRAIN COLLAPSE

Answer 17

Epidural Hematoma

Question 18

Which type of hematoma has a small window of time in which the situation can be corrected and is typically fatal ?

Answer 18

Epidural Hematoma

Question 19

Epidural Hematoma onset S/S

Answer 19

• typically at time or within 72 hours of head impact
• major unusual headache often with nausea and vomiting
• emergence of neuro s/s usually quickly once bleed underway
• proceeds hours and leads to coma

Question 20

Affected vessel is typically a vein or microvessel cluster. Low pressure bleed

Answer 20

Subdural Hematoma

Question 21

Hematoma type where blood may accumulate slowly without signs or symptoms for some time days or weeks before indicators start.

Answer 21

Subdural Hematoma

Question 22

Subdural Hematoma onset s/s

Answer 22

• headache not typical (not impacting on P sensing factors)
• most common: dystaxia
• seizure
• neurological signs and symptoms

Question 23

Possible weakened vessel that only starts to bleed after SECOND insult refers to…

Answer 23

Subdural Hematoma

Question 24

Bigger window for Tx, better prognosis in which type of hematoma

Answer 24

Subdural Hematoma

Question 25

People at higher risk for subdural Hematoma (7)

Answer 25

• Head impact history and high blood pressure
• athletes especially contact/high-risk sports with multiple concussion history
• frequent followers example seniors, CNS disorders…
• abused or bullied individuals
• mentally ill “head banging”
• recurrent whiplash Hx
• very elderly (>75)