CNS Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 organisms that cause meningitis?

A
  1. Neisseria meningitidis (g-ve diplococci).
  2. S.pneumoniae (g+ve cocci chain).
  3. Listeria monocytogenes (g+ve bacilli).
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2
Q

What are the 3 organisms that cause meningitis in children?

A

1) 1. E.coli (g-ve bacilli).
2) Group B streptococci e.g. s.agalactiae.
3) Listeria monocytogenes.

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3
Q

What are the main symptoms of meningitis?

A

1) Non-petechial rash
2) Neck stiffness
3) Fever
4) Headache
5) Photophobia
6) Papilloedema

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4
Q

What investigations would you conduct for someone with meningitis?

A

1) Blood cultures
2) Bloods: FBC, CRP, U&E, Serum glucose, lactate
3) Lumbar puncture
4) CT Head scan
5) Throat swabs

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5
Q

What are the main treatments for meningitis?

A

1) Cefotaxime: (Amoxicillin as well if L. monotcytogenes infection)
2) Steroids: Reduce inflammation in S. Pneumoniae infection

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6
Q

At what spinal level would you conduct a Lumbar puncture and what are the main adverse effects?

A

L4/5

Headache, Paraesthesia, CSF leak and Damage to the spinal cord

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7
Q

What investigations would you do on CSF?

A

MCS, Protein and Glucose levels, Bacterial/Viral PCR

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8
Q

Where is encephalitis most common and what are the main symptoms?

A
  • Immunocompromised (Inflammation of cerebral cortex)

1) Fever 2) Headache 3) Lethargy 4) Behavioural change

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9
Q

What is the main treatment for encephalitis?

A

Acyclovir

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10
Q

What are the main symptoms of Rabies?

A
  1. Fever.
  2. Anxiety.
  3. Confusion.
  4. Hydrophobia.
  5. Hyperactivity.
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11
Q

What are the main symptoms of Tetanus?

A
  • Inoculation through skin via Clostridium Tetani
    1. Trismus (lockjaw).
    2. Sustained muscle contraction.
    3. Facial muscle involvement.
    (Tetanospasmin and Tetanolysin)
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12
Q

What causes botulism and what are the main symptoms?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

Diplopia, Dysphagia and Peripheral Weakness

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Glasgow-Coma scale?

A

Assess consciousness levels

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