CNS II

Question 1

Convulsants:

Answer 1

strychine, bicuculline, gabazine, penecilin and PZT (pentylenetetrazol). used to test aniticonvulsants, no real therapeutic use

Question 2

PZT

Answer 2

Pentylenetetrazol - GABA antagonist - antidpressant convulsant

Question 3

Bicuculline and gabazine

Answer 3

GABAa antagonist - ionotopographically given (to very specific areas to pick apart GABA role in specific circuits).

Question 4

strychnine

Answer 4

glycine antagonist in the spianl cord (cl- pentameric ligand channel) - fatal tetanus - used as a tonic but induced risus sardonicus

Question 5

penecillin

Answer 5

doesn’t usually cross BBB but induces seizures if poured on the brain - microinjection in research

Question 6

Nicotine acts centrally

Answer 6

on nAChRs in the hippocampus and VTA. receptors (pre and post synaptic) excited by nicotine causing increased neurotransmitter release, but then desensitised so small doses causes enhanced excitability and large doses cause sedation.

Question 7

nicotinic central effects

Answer 7

reward pathway (mesolimbic), arousal, increased memory and learning, better RTs - inhibits spinal reflexes via glycine and renshaw cells so muscle relaxant. 
It is dependence and tolerance grows

Question 8

nicotine adverse effects

Answer 8

COPD, CHD, cancer, smelly, spenny

Question 9

nicotine dependence

Answer 9

withdrawal symptoms last 2-3 weeks. suggest physical dependence. but no withdrawal from nicotine patches = psychological.
modafinil used to treat it

Question 10

chronic administration of nicotine

Answer 10

=more nAChRs to counteract the block

Question 11

cannabis structure

Answer 11

long ring structure makes it hydrophobic (oily) and lipid soluble

Question 12

Cannabis receptors

Answer 12

GPCRs (CB1 centrally/ CB2 peripherally) on both inhibitory and excitatory synapses to reduce transmitter release - widespread in brain - endocannabinoids more in the cortex than brain stem

Question 13

Cannabis active ingredients

Answer 13

9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol (THC breakdown) and cannabidiol (THC precursor). CC are both convulsants rather then

Question 14

endocannabinoid signalling

Answer 14

made de novo in the post synaptic neurons. no vesicles. retrograde and taken up by the pre synaptic neuron by transporters.

Question 15

cannabis peripheral actions

Answer 15

-reduced intraoccular pressure -vasodialtion - broncodilation - tachycardiA - antiemetic

Question 16

cannabis central actions

Answer 16

–increased perceived awareness –lowered problem solving ability –lenthened time –anti-emetic –analgesic –decreased psychomotor abilities –personality changes/hallucinations at high doses –hunger –laughter/chatiness

Question 17

cannabis adverse effects

Answer 17

–dizziness and confusion and mild respiratory depression –teratogenic in rats –dependence and tolerance in heavy users? largely psychological

Question 18

endocannabinoid agonists

Answer 18

(NABILONE) - glaucoma, anti-emetic, reduce weightloss, neuropathic pain, tics in tourettes, involuntary movement in parkinsons

Question 19

endocannabinoid antagonists

Answer 19

RIMONABANT -drug addiction - alcoholism -obesity -tobacco dependence