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CNS Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is part of the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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2
Q

White matter is composed mainly of what?

A

Axons

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3
Q

Which ganglia is in the CNS?

A

Basil Ganglia

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4
Q

Which lobe controls emotion?

A

Limbic

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5
Q

What is the most common synapse?

A

Axo-dendritic

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6
Q

What part of the neuron transmits signals faster?

A

Axon

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7
Q

What is the most common connection in the body?

A

Synapse

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8
Q

Which is found in the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

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9
Q

Which cells aids in cellular metabolism?

A

Astrocyte

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10
Q

Which cells are phagocytic?

A

Microglia

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11
Q

What is a derivative of neural crest cells?

A

Sensory Neurons

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12
Q

Where do neural crest cells originate?

A

Neural Fold

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13
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Telencephalon

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14
Q

Diencephalon gives rise to what?

A

Third Ventricle (3rd)

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15
Q

Mesencehalon (midbrain) gives rise to what?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

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16
Q

What is surrounded by the pons, medulla, and cerebellum?

A

Fourth Ventricle

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17
Q

Which layer houses stem cells for the future spinal cord?

A

Ventricular Area

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18
Q

How much CSF is present at any given moment?

A

150mL

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19
Q

What connects brocca’s to wernicke’s area?

A

Arcuate association fibers

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20
Q

What artery runs in the lateral fissure?

A

Middle Cerebral

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21
Q

What artery supplies the lateral brain?

A

Middle Cerebral

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22
Q

What artery supplies the visual cortex?

A

Posterior Cerebral

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23
Q

What lobe contains the visual cortex?

A

Occipital Lobe

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24
Q

What deep vein goes to the straight sinus?

A

Great cerebral vein of Galen

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25
Q

Territory from which a sensory unit can be excited?

A

Receptive Field

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26
Q

Receptors that respond to stimuli from the internal environment?

A

Interoceptors

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27
Q

Which is not encapsulated?

A

Free ending

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28
Q

What type is follicular?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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29
Q

Which detects pain?

A

Nocioreceptors

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30
Q

What dermatome is present in the upper extremity?

A

C7

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31
Q

Where do fibers originate that form the gracile fasiculus?

A

?

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32
Q

Aging on motor units results in?

A

Loss of motor neurons from the cord and stem.

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33
Q

Which is a stretch receptor?

A

Muscle Spindle

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34
Q

What is the sensory fiber of a muscle spindle?

A

II

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35
Q

Which receptor responds to excessive contraction?

A

Golgi

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36
Q

Patellar reflex =

A

Mytactic

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37
Q

Which reflex has crossed effects?

A

Withdrawal

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38
Q

The recticular formation is located where?

A

In the tegmentum of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

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39
Q

What provides levels of awareness?

A

Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)

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40
Q

2nd order neurons are found in:

A

the Nucleus Cuneatus and Nucleus Gracilis

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41
Q

Fibers cross where in the medulla?

A

Internal Arcuate fibers

42
Q

Which pathway carries pain?

A

Spinothalamic

43
Q

2nd order neuron nucleus of the posterior spinocerebellar tract lies where?

A

Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke

44
Q

The kinetic/active/dynamic equilibrium sensory organ is located where?

A

Cristae of the semicircular canals.

45
Q

Which ganglion is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?

A

Cilliary Ganglion

46
Q

What branch of the trigeminal nerve carries motor fibers?

A

Mandibular

47
Q

What functional component are parasympathetic nerves?

48
Q

Shine a light in the right eye but the right pupil does not respond. Which nerve is damaged?

A

Right Oculomotor Nerve

49
Q

Corneal blink reflex involves?

A

CN Trigeminal (afferent) and CN Facial (efferent)

50
Q

A lesion to what area will cause a loss of taste?

A

Nucleus solitaris

51
Q

Fovea contains what type of cells?

52
Q

Scala media contains?

53
Q

What is not part of the auditory pathway?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus and /or Superior Colliculus

54
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Transverse temporal gyrus

55
Q

Organ of Corti is located where?

A

Cochlear duct

56
Q

When looking to the right you activate?

A

Right abducens and left oculomotor nerve

57
Q

What innervates muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal

58
Q

Which does not have a similar function?

CN 4,7,9,10?

59
Q

Where do ganglia cells not terminate?

A

Visual Cortex

60
Q

What innervates the throat and epiglottis?

61
Q

What is the motor to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

62
Q

What goes to the cochlear nuclei?

63
Q

Where are alpha motor neurons found?

A

Gray Matter

64
Q

Which does not contain corticobular fiber?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

65
Q

General sensation to the tongue (not taste) is what?

A

Spinal Trigeminal Ganglion

66
Q

Weakness in the left leg and arm are due to damage to what?

A

Right Precentral Gyrus

67
Q

Which is not part of the epithalamus?

A

The 3 parts include: Pineal body, stria medullaris thalami, and habenula.

68
Q

What separates medial and lateral hypothalamus?

69
Q

Perception of pain in the face?

70
Q

Parallel fibers are part of what?

A

Granule cell

71
Q

Most common cause of basal ganlia disorder?

A

Parkinson’s Disease and/ or

Lack of dopamine from substantia nigra

72
Q

Where is preganlionic GVE for otic gland?

A

Inferior salvitory nucleus

73
Q

Innervation to the heart is at?

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

74
Q

Postganglionic to lacrimal gland?

A

Pterygoplatine

75
Q

Pelvic splanchinic are:

A

Parasympathetic, postganglionic

76
Q

What area is the reward center?

A

Septal Nucleus

77
Q

Intention tremor is found in?

A

Cerebellum

78
Q

What is part of extraphyramidal system?

A

Both; Basal ganlia and Cerebellum

79
Q

What is outside of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Area Postrema

80
Q

Monty Python running away from rabbit involves?

A

Sympathetic

81
Q

Climbing fibers originate where?

A

Inferior Olivary Complex

82
Q

Reticular nuclei goes from thalamus to?

A

Other thalamic nuclei

83
Q

Who was involved with emotion pathway?

A

James Papez

84
Q

Where is vestibular nucleus found?

A

Flocculonodular lobe aka Vestibulocerebellum

85
Q

What is not part of direct loop?

A

Subthalamus

86
Q

Fornix originates where and ends where?

A

Fimbria of hippocampus to mamillary bodies

87
Q

What is located at the vermis?

A

Spinocerebellum

88
Q

Hypothalamus is responsible for?

A

ANS, Endocrine (all the above)

89
Q

What deals with fear?

90
Q

Olfactory epithelia contain which types of cells?

A

Bipolar Cells

91
Q

Olfactory glomeruli receptor axons synapse where?

A

Olfactory bulb

92
Q

Olfactory tract contains what type of cells?

A

Mitral cell axons

93
Q

Olfactory cell axons are made up of what type of cell?

A

Mitral cell

94
Q

What olfactory sense is contralateral?

95
Q

Which olfactory striae is involved in conscious perception of smell?

A

Intermediate olfactory striae

96
Q

Where do olfactory cells cross?

A

Anterior Commissure

97
Q

What is the primary transmitter secreted at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

98
Q

The erector spinae is innervated by neurons in the?

A

Medial ventral horn

99
Q

A simultaneous and opposite pattern of activity in the contralateral limb is known as?

A

Crossed effects

100
Q

Most reflexes are simple and require synapses within only ______ spinal segment.

CNS (5 decks)

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