CNS Final Flashcards
1
Q
What is part of the midbrain?
A
Mesencephalon
2
Q
White matter is composed mainly of what?
A
Axons
3
Q
Which ganglia is in the CNS?
A
Basil Ganglia
4
Q
Which lobe controls emotion?
A
Limbic
5
Q
What is the most common synapse?
A
Axo-dendritic
6
Q
What part of the neuron transmits signals faster?
A
Axon
7
Q
What is the most common connection in the body?
A
Synapse
8
Q
Which is found in the PNS?
A
Schwann Cells
9
Q
Which cells aids in cellular metabolism?
A
Astrocyte
10
Q
Which cells are phagocytic?
A
Microglia
11
Q
What is a derivative of neural crest cells?
A
Sensory Neurons
12
Q
Where do neural crest cells originate?
A
Neural Fold
13
Q
What is the largest part of the brain?
A
Telencephalon
14
Q
Diencephalon gives rise to what?
A
Third Ventricle (3rd)
15
Q
Mesencehalon (midbrain) gives rise to what?
A
Cerebral Aqueduct
16
Q
What is surrounded by the pons, medulla, and cerebellum?
A
Fourth Ventricle
17
Q
Which layer houses stem cells for the future spinal cord?
A
Ventricular Area
18
Q
How much CSF is present at any given moment?
A
150mL
19
Q
What connects brocca’s to wernicke’s area?
A
Arcuate association fibers
20
Q
What artery runs in the lateral fissure?
A
Middle Cerebral
21
Q
What artery supplies the lateral brain?
A
Middle Cerebral
22
Q
What artery supplies the visual cortex?
A
Posterior Cerebral
23
Q
What lobe contains the visual cortex?
A
Occipital Lobe
24
Q
What deep vein goes to the straight sinus?
A
Great cerebral vein of Galen
25
Territory from which a sensory unit can be excited?
Receptive Field
26
Receptors that respond to stimuli from the internal environment?
Interoceptors
27
Which is not encapsulated?
Free ending
28
What type is follicular?
Mechanoreceptors
29
Which detects pain?
Nocioreceptors
30
What dermatome is present in the upper extremity?
C7
31
Where do fibers originate that form the gracile fasiculus?
?
32
Aging on motor units results in?
Loss of motor neurons from the cord and stem.
33
Which is a stretch receptor?
Muscle Spindle
34
What is the sensory fiber of a muscle spindle?
II
35
Which receptor responds to excessive contraction?
Golgi
36
Patellar reflex =
Mytactic
37
Which reflex has crossed effects?
Withdrawal
38
The recticular formation is located where?
In the tegmentum of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
39
What provides levels of awareness?
Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)
40
2nd order neurons are found in:
the Nucleus Cuneatus and Nucleus Gracilis
41
Fibers cross where in the medulla?
Internal Arcuate fibers
42
Which pathway carries pain?
Spinothalamic
43
2nd order neuron nucleus of the posterior spinocerebellar tract lies where?
Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke
44
The kinetic/active/dynamic equilibrium sensory organ is located where?
Cristae of the semicircular canals.
45
Which ganglion is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?
Cilliary Ganglion
46
What branch of the trigeminal nerve carries motor fibers?
Mandibular
47
What functional component are parasympathetic nerves?
GVE
48
Shine a light in the right eye but the right pupil does not respond. Which nerve is damaged?
Right Oculomotor Nerve
49
Corneal blink reflex involves?
CN Trigeminal (afferent) and CN Facial (efferent)
50
A lesion to what area will cause a loss of taste?
Nucleus solitaris
51
Fovea contains what type of cells?
Cones
52
Scala media contains?
Endolymph
53
What is not part of the auditory pathway?
Inferior olivary nucleus and /or Superior Colliculus
54
What is the primary auditory cortex?
Transverse temporal gyrus
55
Organ of Corti is located where?
Cochlear duct
56
When looking to the right you activate?
Right abducens and left oculomotor nerve
57
What innervates muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal
58
Which does not have a similar function?
| CN 4,7,9,10?
CN 4
59
Where do ganglia cells not terminate?
Visual Cortex
60
What innervates the throat and epiglottis?
Vagus
61
What is the motor to the tongue?
Hypoglossal
62
What goes to the cochlear nuclei?
Look up
63
Where are alpha motor neurons found?
Gray Matter
64
Which does not contain corticobular fiber?
Lateral corticospinal tract
65
General sensation to the tongue (not taste) is what?
Spinal Trigeminal Ganglion
66
Weakness in the left leg and arm are due to damage to what?
Right Precentral Gyrus
67
Which is not part of the epithalamus?
The 3 parts include: Pineal body, stria medullaris thalami, and habenula.
68
What separates medial and lateral hypothalamus?
Fornix
69
Perception of pain in the face?
VPM
70
Parallel fibers are part of what?
Granule cell
71
Most common cause of basal ganlia disorder?
Parkinson's Disease and/ or
| Lack of dopamine from substantia nigra
72
Where is preganlionic GVE for otic gland?
Inferior salvitory nucleus
73
Innervation to the heart is at?
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
74
Postganglionic to lacrimal gland?
Pterygoplatine
75
Pelvic splanchinic are:
Parasympathetic, postganglionic
76
What area is the reward center?
Septal Nucleus
77
Intention tremor is found in?
Cerebellum
78
What is part of extraphyramidal system?
Both; Basal ganlia and Cerebellum
79
What is outside of the blood-brain barrier?
Area Postrema
80
Monty Python running away from rabbit involves?
Sympathetic
81
Climbing fibers originate where?
Inferior Olivary Complex
82
Reticular nuclei goes from thalamus to?
Other thalamic nuclei
83
Who was involved with emotion pathway?
James Papez
84
Where is vestibular nucleus found?
Flocculonodular lobe aka Vestibulocerebellum
85
What is not part of direct loop?
Subthalamus
86
Fornix originates where and ends where?
Fimbria of hippocampus to mamillary bodies
87
What is located at the vermis?
Spinocerebellum
88
Hypothalamus is responsible for?
ANS, Endocrine (all the above)
89
What deals with fear?
Amygdala
90
Olfactory epithelia contain which types of cells?
Bipolar Cells
91
Olfactory glomeruli receptor axons synapse where?
Olfactory bulb
92
Olfactory tract contains what type of cells?
Mitral cell axons
93
Olfactory cell axons are made up of what type of cell?
Mitral cell
94
What olfactory sense is contralateral?
Medial
95
Which olfactory striae is involved in conscious perception of smell?
Intermediate olfactory striae
96
Where do olfactory cells cross?
Anterior Commissure
97
What is the primary transmitter secreted at a neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine
98
The erector spinae is innervated by neurons in the?
Medial ventral horn
99
A simultaneous and opposite pattern of activity in the contralateral limb is known as?
Crossed effects
100
Most reflexes are simple and require synapses within only ______ spinal segment.
Spinal
