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Unit 19 > CNS drugs > Flashcards

CNS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

Amphetamine (adderall, Vyvanse)

are all stimulants or depressors?

used for tx of what?

A

stimulants

ADD, ADHD

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2
Q

Atomoxetine (straterra) is stimulant or depressor?

What is it used for?

A

NOT A STIMULANT like other medications for ADD and ADHD

therefore it doesn’t cause adverse drug reactions (ADR) which is commonly cardiac effects for the stimulant drugs used to treat

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3
Q

anti parkinsons drugs are stimulant or depressants?

A

stimulant

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4
Q

Devodopa + Carbidopa (Sinemet) is dopamine related drug what class?

A

dopaMINERGIC

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5
Q

what is the first line of tx for PD?

A

Sinemet

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6
Q

what are adverse effects of Sinemet?

A

postural hypotension

dyskinesia

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7
Q

what is stronger dopaminergics or dopamine agonists?

A

dopaminergics

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8
Q

the following drugs are related to dopamine and used to treat parkinsons

Bromociptin (parlodel)
Pergolide (permax)
Pramipexole (Mirapex)
Ropinirole (requip)

what class of drug are they

A

dopamine agonist

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9
Q

Bromociptin (parlodel)
Pergolide (permax)
Pramipexole (Mirapex)
Ropinirole (requip)

are used to treat what

A

PD

They are dopamine agonists

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10
Q

anticholinergics are used to tx what disorders

A

PD, allergies

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11
Q

What is the side effect of anticholinergics

A

DRY: blurred vision, confusion

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12
Q

Are AD medications stimulants or depressants?

A

stimulants

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13
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors do what to the NT they act on?

used in what disease process

A

increase ACH

used in AD

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14
Q

cholinergics cause what side effects?

A

WET: diarrhea, increased urination, increased salivaiton

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15
Q

Donepezil (aricept) is what kind of drug

Used in what?

side effects?

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: increases ACH

Used in mild/moderate AD

WETNESS and confusion

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16
Q

Acetylcholinesterase cause what side effects

A

WET - remember this is increasing ACH

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17
Q

what is a common sx of drugs that work on ACH?

A

confusion

Dry: too little ACH
Wet: excessive ACH

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18
Q

True or false: inhibitory drugs have a greater affect on cognition and ambulation than stimulants?

A

true! Because the sympathetic agonist has the greater effect and inhibitor would decrease this

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19
Q

Amitriptyline (elavil) is what class of drug?

A

TCA: tricyclic anti depressant

which is actually bad for depression but good for sleep!

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20
Q

Citolapram (celexa)
Fluoxetine (prozac)
Sertaline (zoloft)

are all what class of drugs?

used to treat what disorderssssss?

A

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

used to tx depression, PTSD, eating disorder, anxiety

Very well tolerated!

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21
Q

Duloxetine (cymbalta)
Venlaxine (effexor)

are both what class of drug?

used to treat what?

A

SNRI’s: serotonin - norepi reputake inhibitors

antidepressants

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22
Q

Bupropion (wellbutrin, SR, and XL)

are what class of drug?

used for what?

A

NDRI: norepi-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

antidepressants

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23
Q

what are common side effects of antidepressants

A

weight gain, sexual dysfunction, postural hypotension

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24
Q

Anxiolytics are used to do what?

A

decreaes anxiety

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25
Q

are anxiolytics inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory: used to tx anxiety

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26
Q

Are anti depressants inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory

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27
Q

what is the thing you have to keep in mind for BZDP

A

ataxia –> FALLS RISK

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28
Q

Alprozolam (xanax)

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Diazepam (Valium

Lorazepam (ativan)

are all what class of medications?

used to treat what

A

BZDP’s: benzodiazepines

anxiety, muscle relaxants, anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal

look for lam and pam

29
Q

are mood stabilizers and antipsychotics inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory

30
Q

what is a common side effect for mood stabilizers/anti psychotics

A

extrapyramidal: tartive dyskinesia, parkinsons

31
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Olanzapine (zyprexia)

Risperiodone (Risperdal)

chlorpromazine (thorazine)

are all used to treat what?

A

anti-psychotics/mood stabilization

32
Q

Zolpidem (ambien)

Zaleplon (sonata)

Eszopicolone (lunesta)

are all what class of drugs?

used to treat what?

A

Z-hypnotics (think of all the Z’s)

Sedative! Used to sleep

33
Q

what are common sx of Z-hypnotics?

A

agitation, dizziness, sleep during anything

34
Q

vertigo and balance medications are inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory

35
Q

what kind of drugs are used to sedate the vestibular system?

A

antihistamines!

36
Q

what NT is paired with vestibular issues?

A

ACH: medications will have anticholinergic activity

37
Q

Meclizine (antivert)

Dimenhydraminine (dramamine)

what class of meds?

Used to treat what?

A

antihistamines

used to treat vertigo and balance issues

38
Q

Are pain meds inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory

39
Q

tramadol, fentanyl, codeine, hydrocodone are all what kind of meds

A

opioids

40
Q

opioids mixed with anything else can give what sx that we want to be extra aware of?

A

balance issues

may see pin point pupils

41
Q

Side effects for both benzoids and opiods

A

drowy, psychomotor, ataxia, disorientation and confusion

42
Q

Amitriptyline (elavil) is a TCA used for antiepressants? what are some side effects we want to keep in mind?

A

super sedating, huge effect on ambulation and cognition!

43
Q

what medications are the baby siblings to meth?

A

ADHD and ADD meds

44
Q

True or false: The drugs used for ADHD and ADD decrease motor activity in patients?

A

FALSE! they increase motor activity - she talked about it as focusing the noise

45
Q

how do medications used for ADD and ADHD interact with NT’s?

A

block the reuptake of NE, 5HT and Dopamine

46
Q

what is the main NT you’re thinking about for stimulants?

A

NE: this is your fight or flight so stimulants mimic this action

47
Q

if abused what can medications taken for ADD and ADHD cause?

A

excitement, euphoria

48
Q

side effects of amphetamines?

A

amphetamines = used for ADD and ADHD

insomnia, wt loss, confusion (survival mode!)

49
Q

what are amphetamines used to treat

A

used to treat ADD and ADHD

50
Q

what is the biggest side effect of Sinemet?

another sx she wants us to know?

A

movement disorders (ironic i know)

insomnia

51
Q

which is the active ingredient in levodopa + carbidopa?

A

levodopa

52
Q

which is stronger dopaminergic or dopamine agonist?

A

dopaminergic: which is what sinemet is

53
Q

whats the deal with treating parkinsons with medication?

A

there aren’t many good options for it

54
Q

Anticholinergics are used for what three things?

A

Parkinsons, allergic reactions, vestibular issue

They dumb the ACH

55
Q

What population of people are going to have the most intolerable side effects from anticholinergics?

A

over 65

56
Q

anticholinergics are ani SNS, or PNS?

what does this mean

A

PNS

this means they’ll do the opposite of what the PNS does

DRYS PATIENTS OUT + confusion

57
Q

axona is what?

A

medical food: produce alternative fuel source (ketones) for the brain

no requirements to show it works

used for a single disease state

58
Q

whats the deal with Amitriptyline/elavil? whats it used to treat whats it good at?

side effects?

A

its a TCA

but its junk for depression

good for sleep especially in chronic pain patients: “body number”

huge issue with gait; see the “trip” in the name

59
Q

what have the highest affinity for 5HT transporter?

A

SSRI’s

60
Q

What drugs are thought to increase suicidal ideations?

A

SSRI’s

61
Q

side effects of antidepressant medications?

A

weight gain

postural hypotension

sexual dysfunction

62
Q

true or false: tolerance and addiction are the same thing?

A

false

tolerance is increasing dose to maintain effect

63
Q

what do you absolutely have to keep in mind with xanax, clonopin, valium ativan?

A

there is a cause and effect with use and falls

64
Q

what mechanism do NZDP work through

A

makes inhibition more inhibitory; works through GABA

65
Q

Drowsiness

psychomotor impairment

ataxia
disoreitnation/confusion

and anterograde amnesia are side effects of what kind of medications

A

opioids and BZDP

66
Q

valium half life (anxiety med)

A

potent and long acting - only give before bed

67
Q

what mechanism/NT do mood stabilizers work through

A

dopamine antagonist

68
Q

true or false: it is common to see someone on two kinds of opioids?

A

true! One short acting and one long acting

what you want to make sure you notice is if there’s someone who has prescriptions from multiple doctors or is mixing with benzo’s or muscle relaxors and have trouble walking or slurring words

69
Q

Carisoprodol(soma)

Cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)

Metaxalone (skelaxin)

Tizanidine (zanaflex)

are used to treat what?

A

muscle relaxers: spasms and hyper reflexia

Unit 19 (4 decks)

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