CNS drugs Flashcards by Talia Holze

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

Amphetamine (adderall, Vyvanse)

are all stimulants or depressors?

used for tx of what?

stimulants

ADD, ADHD

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Atomoxetine (straterra) is stimulant or depressor?

What is it used for?

NOT A STIMULANT like other medications for ADD and ADHD

therefore it doesn’t cause adverse drug reactions (ADR) which is commonly cardiac effects for the stimulant drugs used to treat

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anti parkinsons drugs are stimulant or depressants?

stimulant

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Devodopa + Carbidopa (Sinemet) is dopamine related drug what class?

dopaMINERGIC

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what is the first line of tx for PD?

Sinemet

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what are adverse effects of Sinemet?

postural hypotension

dyskinesia

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what is stronger dopaminergics or dopamine agonists?

dopaminergics

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the following drugs are related to dopamine and used to treat parkinsons

Bromociptin (parlodel)
Pergolide (permax)
Pramipexole (Mirapex)
Ropinirole (requip)

what class of drug are they

dopamine agonist

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Bromociptin (parlodel)
Pergolide (permax)
Pramipexole (Mirapex)
Ropinirole (requip)

are used to treat what

They are dopamine agonists

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anticholinergics are used to tx what disorders

PD, allergies

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What is the side effect of anticholinergics

DRY: blurred vision, confusion

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Are AD medications stimulants or depressants?

stimulants

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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors do what to the NT they act on?

used in what disease process

increase ACH

used in AD

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cholinergics cause what side effects?

WET: diarrhea, increased urination, increased salivaiton

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Donepezil (aricept) is what kind of drug

Used in what?

side effects?

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor: increases ACH

Used in mild/moderate AD

WETNESS and confusion

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Acetylcholinesterase cause what side effects

WET - remember this is increasing ACH

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what is a common sx of drugs that work on ACH?

confusion

Dry: too little ACH
Wet: excessive ACH

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True or false: inhibitory drugs have a greater affect on cognition and ambulation than stimulants?

true! Because the sympathetic agonist has the greater effect and inhibitor would decrease this

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Amitriptyline (elavil) is what class of drug?

TCA: tricyclic anti depressant

which is actually bad for depression but good for sleep!

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Citolapram (celexa)
Fluoxetine (prozac)
Sertaline (zoloft)

are all what class of drugs?

used to treat what disorderssssss?

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

used to tx depression, PTSD, eating disorder, anxiety

Very well tolerated!

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Duloxetine (cymbalta)
Venlaxine (effexor)

are both what class of drug?

used to treat what?

SNRI’s: serotonin - norepi reputake inhibitors

antidepressants

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Bupropion (wellbutrin, SR, and XL)

are what class of drug?

used for what?

NDRI: norepi-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

antidepressants

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what are common side effects of antidepressants

weight gain, sexual dysfunction, postural hypotension

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Anxiolytics are used to do what?

decreaes anxiety

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are anxiolytics inhibitory or excitatory?

inhibitory: used to tx anxiety

Are anti depressants inhibitory or excitatory

inhibitory

what is the thing you have to keep in mind for BZDP

ataxia --> FALLS RISK

Alprozolam (xanax) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Valium Lorazepam (ativan) are all what class of medications? used to treat what

BZDP's: benzodiazepines anxiety, muscle relaxants, anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal *look for lam and pam*

are mood stabilizers and antipsychotics inhibitory or excitatory

inhibitory

what is a common side effect for mood stabilizers/anti psychotics

extrapyramidal: tartive dyskinesia, parkinsons

Aripiprazole (Abilify) Olanzapine (zyprexia) Risperiodone (Risperdal) chlorpromazine (thorazine) are all used to treat what?

anti-psychotics/mood stabilization

Zolpidem (ambien) Zaleplon (sonata) Eszopicolone (lunesta) are all what class of drugs? used to treat what?

Z-hypnotics (think of all the Z's) Sedative! Used to sleep

what are common sx of Z-hypnotics?

agitation, dizziness, sleep during anything

vertigo and balance medications are inhibitory or excitatory?

inhibitory

what kind of drugs are used to sedate the vestibular system?

antihistamines!

what NT is paired with vestibular issues?

ACH: medications will have anticholinergic activity

Meclizine (antivert) Dimenhydraminine (dramamine) what class of meds? Used to treat what?

antihistamines used to treat vertigo and balance issues

Are pain meds inhibitory or excitatory?

inhibitory

tramadol, fentanyl, codeine, hydrocodone are all what kind of meds

opioids

opioids mixed with anything else can give what sx that we want to be extra aware of?

balance issues | may see pin point pupils

Side effects for both benzoids and opiods

drowy, psychomotor, ataxia, disorientation and confusion

Amitriptyline (elavil) is a TCA used for antiepressants? what are some side effects we want to keep in mind?

super sedating, huge effect on ambulation and cognition!

what medications are the baby siblings to meth?

ADHD and ADD meds

True or false: The drugs used for ADHD and ADD decrease motor activity in patients?

FALSE! they increase motor activity - she talked about it as focusing the noise

how do medications used for ADD and ADHD interact with NT's?

block the reuptake of NE, 5HT and Dopamine

what is the main NT you're thinking about for stimulants?

NE: this is your fight or flight so stimulants mimic this action

if abused what can medications taken for ADD and ADHD cause?

excitement, euphoria

side effects of amphetamines?

amphetamines = used for ADD and ADHD insomnia, wt loss, confusion (survival mode!)

what are amphetamines used to treat

used to treat ADD and ADHD

what is the biggest side effect of Sinemet? another sx she wants us to know?

movement disorders (ironic i know) insomnia

which is the active ingredient in levodopa + carbidopa?

levodopa

which is stronger dopaminergic or dopamine agonist?

dopaminergic: which is what sinemet is

whats the deal with treating parkinsons with medication?

there aren't many good options for it

Anticholinergics are used for what three things?

Parkinsons, allergic reactions, vestibular issue They dumb the ACH

What population of people are going to have the most intolerable side effects from anticholinergics?

over 65

anticholinergics are ani SNS, or PNS? what does this mean

PNS this means they'll do the opposite of what the PNS does DRYS PATIENTS OUT + confusion

axona is what?

medical food: produce alternative fuel source (ketones) for the brain no requirements to show it works used for a single disease state

whats the deal with Amitriptyline/elavil? whats it used to treat whats it good at? side effects?

its a TCA but its junk for depression good for sleep especially in chronic pain patients: "body number" huge issue with gait; see the "trip" in the name

what have the highest affinity for 5HT transporter?

SSRI's

What drugs are thought to increase suicidal ideations?

SSRI's

side effects of antidepressant medications?

weight gain postural hypotension sexual dysfunction

true or false: tolerance and addiction are the same thing?

false tolerance is increasing dose to maintain effect

what do you absolutely have to keep in mind with xanax, clonopin, valium ativan?

there is a cause and effect with use and falls

what mechanism do NZDP work through

makes inhibition more inhibitory; works through GABA

Drowsiness psychomotor impairment ataxia disoreitnation/confusion and anterograde amnesia are side effects of what kind of medications

opioids and BZDP

valium half life (anxiety med)

potent and long acting - only give before bed

what mechanism/NT do mood stabilizers work through

dopamine antagonist

true or false: it is common to see someone on two kinds of opioids?

true! One short acting and one long acting what you want to make sure you notice is if there's someone who has prescriptions from multiple doctors or is mixing with benzo's or muscle relaxors and have trouble walking or slurring words

Carisoprodol(soma) Cyclobenzaprine (flexeril) Metaxalone (skelaxin) Tizanidine (zanaflex) are used to treat what?

muscle relaxers: spasms and hyper reflexia