CNS Drugs

Question 1

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Answer 1

Hydantoins (Antiepileptic): selective Na channel inhibition of hyperactive neurons

-Generalized seizures (tonic-clonic)

Question 2

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Answer 2

Succinimides: inhibition of Ca influx of hyperactive neurons in thalamus

-Absence seizures

Question 3

Phenobarbital

Answer 3

Barbiturates: stimulates GABA receptors, CNS depressant *

• Tonic-clonic, focal seizures, acute convulsive episodes
• Pregnancy

Question 4

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)*

Answer 4

Suppresses high-frequency neuronal discharge in and around seizure foci

• Epilepsy, bipolar, trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias
• grapefruit juice, phenytoin, phenobarbital, warfarin, oral contraceptives

Question 5

Valproic acid (Depakote)

Answer 5

Anticonvulsant

Question 6

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Answer 6

Seizures and nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy)

Question 7

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines: BZ 1 receptor (sleep), BZ 2 receptor (memory, motor, sensory, cognitive)

Question 8

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines: BZ 1 receptor (sleep), BZ 2 receptor (memory, motor, sensory, cognitive)

Question 9

Midazolam (Versed)

Answer 9

Benzodiazepines: BZ 1 receptor (sleep), BZ 2 receptor (memory, motor, sensory, cognitive)

Question 10

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer 10

Benzodiazepines: BZ 1 receptor (sleep), BZ 2 receptor (memory, motor, sensory, cognitive)

Question 11

Temazepam (Restoril)

Answer 11

Hypnotic: causes drowsiness and facilitates the onset and maintenance of natural sleep

Question 12

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Answer 12

Non-benzodiazepam hypnotic

-Induces sleep quickly, prevents waking up in the middle of night, can be used for long-term use

Question 13

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

Answer 13

Melatonin receptor agonist: high affinity for melatonin receptors, no effect on GABA

-Treatment of chornic insomnia

Question 14

Zolpidem (Ambien)

Answer 14

Rapid onset, does not cause insomnia rebound effect, short term use

-Episodic insomnia