CNS drugs Flashcards
Benzodiazepines - medication class
anti-anxiety (anxiolytics)
benzodiazepines - therapeutic uses
treats acute anxiety
sedation/muscle relaxation
treats seizures
treats alcohol withdrawal
SASA
banzodiazepines - drug name
- alprazolam
- lorazepam, diazepam, clonazepam
benzodiazepines - antidote
flumazenil
I FLU fast in my _MAZ_cedes BENZ
benzodiazepines - adverse reactions
hypotension, apnea, airway occlusion, and respiratory arrest
benzodiazepines - patient education
- take at nighttime
- not meant for long term therapy because of DEPENDENCE
- use of long term therapy leads to TOLERANCE
- must be TAPERED
benzodiazepines - interactions
grapefruit, anti-fungals, opioids, alcohol
non-benzodiazepine - names
zopliclone and zoplidem
anticholinergic drugs - mechanism of actions
competitive antagonist
inhibit cholinergic effect
anticholinergic drugs - indications
Parkinson’s, heart blocks, bradycardia, asthma, COPD, IBS
anticholinergic drugs - atropine - indication
bradycardia and ventricular asystole
anticholinergic drugs - scopolamine - indications
motion sickness, decrease secretions in end of life care
anticholinergic drugs - glycopyrrolate - indications
end of life care decreased secretions
anticholinergic drugs - oxybutynin - indications
overactive bladder and antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder
cholinergic drugs - medication class
parasympathomimetics
cholinergic drugs - mechanism of action
mimic the action of acetylcholine neurotransmitter (in the parasympathetic NS)
receptor types:
- nicotinic - in the ganglia
- muscarinic - smooth and heart muscle, glands
cholinergic drugs - direct-acting drugs
pilocarpine
bathanechol
cholinergic drugs - indirect-acting
donepezil
cholinergic drugs - side effects
SLUDGE
Secretion
Lacrimation (crying)
Urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps
Emesis
cholinergic drugs - antidote for cholinergic crisis
atropine sulfate (cholinergic antagonist)
skeletal muscle relaxants - therapeutic uses
multiple sclerosis (MS)
spinal cord injuries
acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions
skeletal muscle relaxants - drug name
carisoprodol
cyclobenzaprine
dantrolene
BAClofen
my _bac_k hurts, so ill take _bac_lofen
skeletal muscle relaxants - side effects
drowsiness, sedation, dizziness
skeletal muscle relaxants - adverse reaction
hepatotoxicity
(monitor liver functions test)
skeletal muscle relaxants - patient education
do not drink alcohol
do not abruptly stop
RISE SLOWLY when getting up (orthostatic hypotension)
phenytoin - medication class
anticonvulsants
phenytoin - therapeutic uses
treats tonic-clonic seizures
phenytoin - therapeutic range
10-20
same as theophylline
phenytoin - toxicity
ataxia, nystagmus, coma, confusion, slurred speech, gait unsteadiness
phenytoin - expected symptoms
gingival hyperplasia
when the gums are puffy and red
phenytoin - hypersensitivity
steven-johnson syndrome (SJS)
rash that is painful, flu-like symptoms
phenytoin - patient education
do not abruptly stop the medication
keep up with good oral hygiene, use soft bristle brush, and take folic acid supplementation
valproic acid - medication class
carboxylic acid derivatives
phenytoin - therapeutic uses
epilepsy, migraines, headaches, mania
phenytoin - therapeutic range
50-100
phenytoin - side effects
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburt
phenytoin - adverse reactions
hepatotoxicity
prolonged bleeding time
