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Neuroanatomy I > CNS Appendix A > Flashcards

CNS Appendix A Flashcards

1
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri

A

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

Pineal gland

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3
Q

Embryo

A

The name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation

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4
Q

Fetus

A

Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)

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5
Q

Neonate

A

Newborn infant

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6
Q

Dentate

A

Notched or toothlike

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7
Q

Arcuate

A

Arranged like an arch

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8
Q

Striae (striatal)

A

A groove or streak-like formation

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9
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

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10
Q

Reticular

A

Net-like

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11
Q

Fissure

A

A relatively deep groove (infolding)

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12
Q

Sulcus

A

A relatively shallow groove (infolding)

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13
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci and/or fissures of the cerebrum

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14
Q

Folia

A

Small page-like gyri of the cerebellum

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15
Q

Nuclei

A

A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

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16
Q

Ganglia

A

A cluster or group of cell bodies within the PNS

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17
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

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18
Q

Perikaryon

A

Cell body (soma) of the neuron

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19
Q

Axon

A

A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body

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20
Q

Dendrite

A

A process of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body

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21
Q

Fiber

A

A dominately long process (dendrite or axon) in a neuron

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22
Q

Nerve

A

Whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body’s parts

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23
Q

Ramus

A

Literally means a branch. Major branches off the spinal nerve trunks = white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, etc.

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24
Q

Axolemma

A

Outer plasma membrane of an axon

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25
Q

Neurilemma

A

Covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell

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26
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina

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27
Q

Central Canal

A

Tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

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28
Q

Aqueduct

A

Passageway

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29
Q

Leptomeninx

A

Thin membrane

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30
Q

Pachymeninx

A

Thick membrane (dura mater)

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31
Q

Somesthetic

A

To sense the body

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32
Q

Modality

A

A specific sensory entity (ie. taste, smell, etc)

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33
Q

Proprioception

A

The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

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34
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The modality of conscious awareness of body position and movement

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35
Q

Cholinergic

A

The releasing of choline-like (Ach) molecules at a target site

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36
Q

Andrenergic

A

The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site

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37
Q

Chiasma

A

A crossing (i.e. crossing of optic fibers)

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38
Q

Decussation

A

A crossing - used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS

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39
Q

Contralateral

A

To the opposite side

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40
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

41
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward. In neurology, often refers to going away from the neuron cell body

42
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body

43
Q

Fugal

A

Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix

44
Q

Lesion

A

Any type of injury, damage, or “hurt” can be called a lesion

45
Q

Myelopathy

A

Lesion of the spinal cord

46
Q

Necrosis

A

Deadness. Death of cells or tissue

47
Q

Neoplasm

A

Any new abnormal growth (tumor)

48
Q

Malignant

A

Spreading life-threatening neoplasm

49
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissue

50
Q

Idiopathic

A

Generally used to mean something of unknown cause

51
Q

Ischemia

A

Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and could lead to necrosis

52
Q

Hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels

53
Q

Aneurysm

A

An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen

54
Q

Stroke

A

Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage

55
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes

56
Q

Myelography

A

X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF

57
Q

Ataxia

A

Irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

58
Q

Paralysis

A

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

59
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate by speech, writing, or signs

60
Q

Dysphasia

A

Partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

61
Q

Archi

A

Prefix meaning beginning or original

62
Q

Paleo

A

Prefix meaning “old”

63
Q

Neo

A

Prefix meaning “new”

64
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses’ Tail

65
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

66
Q

Cornu

A

Horn-like projection

67
Q

Crus

A

Leg or leg-like

68
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

The pattern of cell arrangements

69
Q

Falx

A

Sickle-shaped

70
Q

Fenestra

A

Window-like

71
Q

Foramen

A

Opening

72
Q

Glial

A

Glue-like

73
Q

Micron

A

Metric system unit of length. 10^-6

74
Q

Operculum

A

Lid or covering

75
Q

Pallium

A

To “cloak.” Used synonymously with “cortex”

76
Q

Pons

A

Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain

77
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

78
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

79
Q

CVA

A

Cardiovascular Accident

80
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

81
Q

DRG

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

82
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral Foramen

83
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram. Used to pick up brain waves.

84
Q

CAT

A

Computerized Axial Tomography device (x-rays)

85
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (magnets)

86
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography (radioactive)

87
Q

M.O.

A

Medulla Oblongatta

88
Q

M.S.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

89
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

90
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter

91
Q

ACH

A

Acetylcholine

92
Q

Chordata

A

Phylum man is classified

93
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum man is classified

94
Q

Mammalia

A

Class man is classified

95
Q

Primate

A

Order man is classified

96
Q

Homo sapiens

A

Proper way to write the genus and species of man

97
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland

98
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”

Neuroanatomy I (1 decks)

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