CNS

Question 1

intracranial HTN cut off

Answer 1

15. 40 is severe(ischemia)

Question 2

signs of elevated ICP

Answer 2

HA/nausea then decreasing consciousness then coma/cushing response and motor posturing

Question 3

normal ICP

Answer 3

5-10

Question 4

cerebral auto regulation range

Answer 4

50-150

Question 5

cerebral steal

Answer 5

vasodilation that occurs in healthy region of brain during period of ischemia. so pulls blood flow from ischemia to healthy brain. so ischemia gets even worse blood flow.

Question 6

inverse cerebral steal/robin hood

Answer 6

vasoconstriction caused by hyperventilation or drug that causes vasoconstriction in healthy area to have more flow go to ischemia area

Question 7

how much oxygen and glucose does brain get over needed

Answer 7

3x oxygen and 7x glucose during normal activity

Question 8

CBF numbers

Answer 8

50mL/100g/min. gray matter is 80, white is 20

Question 9

CBF per min

Answer 9

750mL/min

Question 10

CBF ischemia numbers by 100g

Answer 10

20-30 start of neuro symptoms. 15-20 isoelectric EEG, no evoked potentials. 10-15 Na/K pump fail, cytotoxic edema. less than 10 is irreversible damage

Question 11

CSF volume

Answer 11

124-150mL

Question 12

CSF production per hour

Answer 12

20-30cc

Question 13

what makes CSF

Answer 13

choroid plexus ependymal cells

Question 14

pH of CSF

Answer 14

7.32

Question 15

IV anesthetics that stand out brain

Answer 15

ketamine up CBF. etomidate can precipitate seizure

Question 16

worst volatile that causes cerebral vasodilation mor

Answer 16

halothane. best is sevo

Question 17

volatile that is epileptogenic

Answer 17

enflurane

Question 18

volatile we use that up CBF

Answer 18

des over 1 MAC

Question 19

PaCO2 goal for craniotomy

Answer 19

linear relationship between PaCO2 and CBF from 30-60. under 30 no change so keep at 30

Question 20

how many vertebrae

Answer 20

33

Question 21

how many spinal nerve pairs

Answer 21

31

Question 22

which tract crosses in cord

Answer 22

sensory

Question 23

how to know where autonomic dysreflexia starts

Answer 23

happens w/ injury above T6. flushing above injury(parasympathetic) and vasoconstriction below(sympathetic

Question 24

collateral spinal blood flow worst where

Answer 24

T1-4

Question 25

which system has ganglia in the organ

Answer 25

parasympathetic

Question 26

sympathetic chain in cord location

Answer 26

T1 to L2

Question 27

what nerves have acetylcholine

Answer 27

all parasympathetic and pre ganglionic sympathetic

Question 28

a1 receptor job

Answer 28

vascular smooth muscle constriction

Question 29

a2 receptor job

Answer 29

found on pre synaptic neuron and inhibit release of norepi

Question 30

b1 receptor job

Answer 30

up contractility and HR. too much can cause arrhythmia

Question 31

b2 receptor job

Answer 31

vascular and non vascular smooth muscle relaxation

Question 32

alpha brain wave

Answer 32

Awake-resting

Question 33

beta brain wave

Answer 33

Busy, thinking

Question 34

theta waves

Answer 34

GETA. general anesthesia

Question 35

delta waves

Answer 35

Deep sleeping-general anesthesia

Question 36

anesthetic agents other than increase latency/decrease amplitude. SSEP

Answer 36

NO latency no change, down amp. etomidate up both. ketamine up amp. opioid and muscle relaxant no changes

Question 37

type of greatest heat loss during GA

Answer 37

radiation

Question 38

factors that are synthesized in liver

Answer 38

2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12