CNS

Question 1

What 5 parts is the brain split up into?

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon = thalamus and hypothalamus 
Cerebellum
Brain stem = midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 2

Describe the structure of the cerebrum

Answer 2

Grey matter on the outside = cell bodies
White matter on the inside = myelinated axons
Primary cortex = specific function
Association cortex = complex functions

Split into 4 lobes: frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal

Question 3

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 3

Connects the 2 hemispheres together

Question 4

What are the functions of the 4 lobes?

Answer 4

Frontal = motor cortex = voluntary movement 
Occipital = visual cortex = vision 
Temporal = auditory cortex = hearing 
Parietal = sensory cortex = sensory

Question 5

What is teh function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 5

Control posture and movement

People with Parkinson’s, have bad posture and cant move

Question 6

Function of the cerebellum?

Answer 6

Fine tuning of movement

Learning motor skills

Question 7

Function off the diencephalon?

Answer 7

Thalamus = relays intro between cerebral cortex and spinal cord 
Hypothalamus = Homeostasis

Question 8

Function of the brain stem?

Answer 8

Controls vital function e.g. breathing 
Controls consciousness
Protective reflexes 
Origin of cranial nerves 
Connect forebrain and spinal cord

Question 9

What parts of the brain make up the:

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

Answer 9

Anterior = frontal
Middle = temporal
Posterior - cerebellum and brain stem

Question 10

Describe the structure of the spinal cord

Answer 10

Grey matter on inside = dorsal (sensory), ventral (motor)
White matter on outside
Surrounded my meninges for protection

Question 11

Functions of the spinal cord

Answer 11

Motor, sensory and autonomic stimulation throughout body
Reflexes
Communicate with brain

Question 12

Describe the structure of the meninges

Answer 12

3 layers:
Dura mater = tough and protective 
Arachnoid mater = thin
SUBARACHNOID SPACE with CSF 
Pia mater = delicate membrane attached to brain/ spinal cord

Question 13

What are the 2 types of haemorrhages?

Answer 13

Epidural = arterial bleeding, headache, vomiting, seizure 
Subarachnoid= venous bleeding, symptoms occur much later on

Question 14

What is the relationship between the spinal cord and vertebral column?

Answer 14

The spinal cord is smaller than vertebral column

Question 15

Describe the structure of the basal ganglia

Answer 15

Caudate and putamen = corpus striatum

Putamen and globes pallidus = lentiform nucleus

Question 16

What produces CSF?

Answer 16

Choroid plexus

Question 17

How does CSF compare to blood?

Answer 17

Fewer plasma proteins
Fewer cells
Low K+ and Ca2+
High mg2+ and cl-

Question 18

What are the functions of the CSF?

Answer 18

Shock absorbing
Remove waste products
Supplies neurones with nutrients

Question 19

What are deep gyri called?

Answer 19

Fissures

Longitudinal, central, lateral

Question 20

What is the limbic system?

Answer 20

To do with motivation, emotion and memory

Made up of hippocampus, amygdala, olfactoy blub, cingulate gyrus

Question 21

What lies in the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 21

Anterior = frontal lobe
Middle= temporal
Posterior =cerebellum and brain stem

Question 22

Describe the structure of the ventricles?

Answer 22

2 lateral ventricles, Third (between 2 thalami)and forth ventricles
Produce CSF, travel in subarachnoid space and then enter venous supply