CNs Flashcards
CNs for speech
CN V - - the trigeminal nerve
CN VII - - the facial nerve
CN IX - - the glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X - - the vagus nerve
CN XI - - the spinal accessory nerve
CN XII - - the hypoglossal nerve
CN mmnemonic
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CN I
Olfactory
CN II
Optic
CN III
Occulomotor
CN IV
Trochlear
CN V
Trigeminal
CN VI
Abducens
CN VII
Facial
CN VIII
Vestibular/Acoustic
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
CN X
Vagus
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
CN XII
Hypoglossal
Trigeminal-V
mixed nerve originates in the pons. It provides motor innervation to the muscles that control the mandible (jaw), the tensor veli palatini muscle of the velum, and the tensor tympani muscle of the middle ear.
It mediates sensation from the head, jaw, face, some of the sinuses and tactile sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
Facial- VII
mixed nerve.
The facial nerve mediates taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
innervates all of the muscles of facial expression including those in the forehead, cheeks, and lips, as well as the stapedius muscle of the middle ear.
The part of the nucleus that sends commands to the upper part of the face receives bilateral (ipsalateral and contralateral) innervation from upper motor neuronal tracts. However, the portion that controls the lower part of the face receives only contralateral (unilateral) innervation. This means that unilateral lesions of the pyramidal tract may have noticeable effects on voluntary movements of the cheeks and lips. Note that involuntary facial expressions of emotion will not be impaired in the case of a pyramidal tract lesion as they are controlled by the extrapyramidal tract.so that if a patient smiles both sides of the mouth will lift normally. With lower motor neuron lesions the entire side of the face will be paralyzed and won’t respond to either voluntary or involuntary upper motor neuron input.
Glossopharyngeal- IX
mixed nerve.
Its motor aspect contributes to the action of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle and innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle.
Its sensory aspect carries input from the posterior one third of the tongue, the velum, and the pharynx including the tonsils.
Vagus-X
mixed nerve originates in the medulla.
One of the motor nuclei of the vagus innervates the majority of the viscera, including the heart, respiratory system, and digestive system.
Another motor nucleus sends motor commands to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and completely controls the intrinsic musculature of the larynx. The superior branch of the vagus innervates the cricothyroid muscle and so is involved in pitch changes. Its recurrent branch innervates all of the other intrinsic laryngeal musculature.
The vagus also innervates the glossopalatine and levator veli palatine muscles, making it primarily responsible for palatal functioning.
Accessory- XI
motor nerve that originates in the medulla. It innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck. It also sends some motor messages to the uvula and the levator veli palatine (raises the velum).
Hypoglossol- XII
motor nerve that originates in the medulla.
It controls tongue movement, innervating both the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. The part of the nucleus that innervates the genioglossus, the muscle involved in tongue protrusion, is connected only to contralateral fibers from the pyramidal tract. Thus, unilateral upper motor lesions can affect this type of movement. All other tongue muscles receive bilateral innervation for voluntary movements.
