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Path IV Quiz 5 > CNS 1 > Flashcards

CNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

MC organ affected by congenital birth defects

A

brain

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2
Q

Causes of microcephaly

A

fetal alc syndrome, trisomy 18, congenital rubella, congenital HIV

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3
Q

MC cause of hydrocephalus

A

obstruction of normal CSF flow due to congenital malformations, tumors, hemorrhage, or CNS infx, etc

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4
Q

condition of missing portion of a posterior vertebral body

A

spina bifida occulta

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5
Q

herniation of meninges but not the spinal cord

A

meningocele

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6
Q

herniation of meninges and spinal cord

A

meningomyelocele

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7
Q

elevated ____ is associated with neural tube defects and abd wall defects

A

AFP

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8
Q

What are the percentages of cerebral palsy occurring during pregnancy, during childbirth, and after birth?

A

75%, 10%, 15%

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9
Q

T or F

Cerebral palsy is more common in premature infants

A

T

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10
Q

Intrauterine development of cerebral palsy has been associated with

A

maternal infections, such as Strep throat and CNS infx

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11
Q

MC type of cerebral palsy

A

Spastic CP (70-80%)

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12
Q

MC finding on autopsy of newborns and infants with CP? Caused by?

A

Periventricular leukomalacia. Lack of blood flow

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13
Q

Condition in which astrocytes become activated to protect neurons / repair damage

A

Gliosis

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14
Q

Viral or bacterial?
A) MC cause of meningitis
B) 2nd MC of meningitis

A

A) viral infx

B) bacterial infx

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15
Q 
MC cause of meningitis
A) in neonates
B) in infants/children
C) in adolescents/adults
D) older adults
E) 2nd MC in all adults
A 
A) E coli
B) N. meningococci
C) same
D) Strep pneumonia
E) N. meningococci
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16
Q

Histo typical of meningococcal meningitis

A

gram negative diplococcic within a neutrophil. edema and focal inflammation

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17
Q

Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome

A

complication of meningococcal meningitis

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18
Q

Possibly first symptom of meningococcal meningitis

A

rapidly spreading petechial rash. numerous small irregular purple or red spots on trunk, LE, mucous membr, conjunctiva, palms, soles

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19
Q

Type of meningitis that occurs most frequently from 1 month to 4 years of age

A

H flu

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20
Q

Multiple gestation, placental abruption, and fetal abnormalities are associated with what marker? High or low?

A

High MAFP

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21
Q

Down’s syndrome and Trisomy 18 are associated with what marker? High or low?

A

Low MAFP

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22
Q

% of children with congenital heart disease that have developmental deficits and brain injury

A

one third

23
Q

Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia are at risk for

A

motor disorders esp of lower limbs

24
Q

inflammation of pia and arachnoid

A

meningitis

25
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

26
Q

inflammation of brain, pia and arachnoid

A

meningoencephalitis

27
Q

Bacterial or non-bacterial?
A) purulent meningitis
B) aseptic meningitis

A

A) bacterial

B) non-bacterial

28
Q

Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis

A

recent exposure to the disease or recent URI

29
Q

Prior to vaccine, this organism was the MC cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5

A

H flu

30
Q

Risk factors for H flu meningitis

A

otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, other URI, Hx, FHx, day care, Native American, Eskimos

31
Q

20% of pts who recover from H flu meningitis have this complication

A

hearing loss

32
Q

These 2 organisms account for half of aseptic meningitis cases

A

coxsackie and echovirus

others: HSV 1 and 2, varicella, rabies, HIV

33
Q

This organism most often affects people with compromised immune systems (causing meningitis)

A

Cryptococcal neoformans (yeast)

34
Q

Dx of cryptococcal meningitis is made by…

A

India ink stain, CSF culture, Cryptococcus antigen

35
Q 
Viral Meningitis organisms
A) MC in spring and summer
B) MC in late summer
C) MC in spring
D) not seasonal
A

A) arboviruses
B) Enteroviruses
C) mumps and varicella
D) HSV

36
Q

What is MC cause of viral meningitis (in which the cause is identified)? What is other major cause?

A

enteroviruses

HSV

37
Q

Enteroviruses include

A

coxsackie A and B, echoviruses, and polioviruses

38
Q

MC cause of sporadic encephalitis

A

HSV

39
Q

What type of herpes is responsible for almost all adult cases of herpes meningitis and herpes encephalitis

A

Type 2

Type 1 is found more commonly in infants though

40
Q

Gold standard Dx for carcinomatous meningitis

A

detection of tumor cells in CSF

41
Q

What types of non-hematological cancers MC metastasize to the CNS?

A

lung, breast, and melanoma

also can be head and neck, GU and GI tumors

42
Q

MC histological type of carcinomatous meningitis

A

adenoma

43
Q

Cells of carcinomatous meningitis have this growth pattern

A

Grow in sheet like fashion

44
Q

MC cerebral symptom of carcinomatous meningitis

A

HA (in one-third)

45
Q

MC cranial nerve symptom of carcinomatous meningitis

A

diplopia (20%)

46
Q

slender hyphae which may branch at 45% angles

A

aspergillus

47
Q

brain abscesses occur more frequently during what time of life?

A

first 4 decades

48
Q

MC organism responsible for brain abscesses

A

Streptococcus (30-50%)

49
Q

MC responsible for brain abscesses in infants

A

gram negative organisms

50
Q

6 MC organisms responsible for brain abscesses in immunocompromised hosts?

A

M. tuberculosis, N. astroides, aspergillus, candida, Cryptococcus, toxoplasma

51
Q

Neurocysticercosis is caused by what organism?

A

pork tapeworm (taenia solium)

52
Q

MC neuro-parasitic infection in humans

A

neurocysticercosis

53
Q

Cysticercosis in humans only develops by this mechanism

A

ingesting products which are fecally contaminated with T solium eggs results in larvae encysting in the brain

54
Q

CT of neurocysticerosis shows

A

multiple, small nodular, and annular areas of abnormal enhancement in brain parenchyma.

Path IV Quiz 5 (2 decks)

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