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data communications > CNNA CHAPTER 1 (PASAR) > Flashcards

CNNA CHAPTER 1 (PASAR) Flashcards

1
Q

A _______ can replace the hub, breaking up collision domains.

A

Switch

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2
Q

True or False
Hubs don’t segment a network, they just connect network segments together

A

True

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3
Q

_____ are used to connect network together and route packets of data from one network to another.

A

Routers

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4
Q

_____ break up a broadcast domain by default.

A

Routers

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5
Q

It is the set of all devices on a network that hear all the broadcast sent on that segment.

A

Broadcast domain

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6
Q

____ can also use packet filtering by using access lists. They also use routing table to make path selections and to forward packets to networks.

A

Routers

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7
Q

It is the map of internetwork

A

Routing table

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8
Q

It make a LAN network better by optimizing its performance and providing more bandwidth for the LAN’s users.

A

Switch

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9
Q

_____ break up collision domains

A

Switch

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10
Q

Switches break up ____ domains and routers break up ____ domains.

A

collision, broadcast

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11
Q

Switches and ____ basically do the same thing

A

bridges

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12
Q

Layer where the users actually communicate with the computer

A

Application layer

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13
Q

Presents data to the application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting

A

Presentation layer

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14
Q

Responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down sessions between presentation layer entities.

A

Session layer

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15
Q

Provides end-to-end data transport services and can establish a logical connection between the sending host and destination host of an internetwork.

A

Transport layer

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16
Q

Two protocols that work under transport layer

A

TCP and UDP

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17
Q

Layer at which data integrity is ensured by maintaining flow control

A

Transport layer

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18
Q

Prevents a sending host from one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host.

A

Flow control

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19
Q

When a machine receives a flood of datagrams too quickly for it to process it stores them in a memory section called a _____.

A

buffer

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20
Q

The quantity of data segments that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgement for the is called a ______.

A

Window

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21
Q

They are used to control the amount of outstanding, unacknowledged data segements

A

Windows

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22
Q

Used to transport user data through the internetwork

A

Data packets

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23
Q

Used to update neighboring routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork.

A

Route update packets

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24
Q

Protocol-specifi ……???

A

Network Addresses

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25
Q

Manage device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network, and determines the best way to move data.

A

Network layer

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26
Q

Provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control

A

Data Link layer

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27
Q

Ensures that the messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses

A

Data Link layer

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28
Q

The data link layer formats the message into pieces, each called a _________.

A

data frame

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29
Q

The two IEEE Data Link layer sublayers

A

MAC 802.3 and LLC 802.2

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30
Q

Defines how packets are placed on the media.

A

Media Access Control (MAC) 802.3

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31
Q

Responsible for identifying Network layer protocols and then encapsulating them.

A

Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2

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32
Q

It sends bits and receives bits.

A

Physical Layer

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33
Q

It is a multiple-port repeater

A

hub

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34
Q

It receives a digital signal and reamplifies or regenerates that signal and then forwards the signal out all active ports …..

A

Repeater

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35
Q

Is a contention media access method that allows all the hosts on a network to share the same bandwidth of a link.

A

Ethernet

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36
Q
  • is defined in the original 802.3 ethernet.
  • uses only one wire pair with a digital signal running in both directions on the wire,
A

Half-duplex Ethernet

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37
Q
  • uses two pairs of wires
  • uses point-to-point connection
  • no collision will occur
A

Full-duplex Ethernet

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38
Q

Used to connect:
1. Host to switch or Hub
2. Router to switch or Hub

A

Straight-through cable

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38
Q

Used to connect:
1. Switch to switch
2. hub to hub
3. host to host
4. router direct to host

A

Crossover Cable

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39
Q

Used to connect a host to router console serial communication (COM) port

A

Rolled Cable

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40
Q

Data Encapsulation Method

A

Data –> Segments –> Packets/Datagrams
–> Frames –> bits

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41
Q

The CISCO Three Hierarchical Model

A

Core layer
Distribution layer
Access layer

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42
Q
  • Responsible for sending large amount of traffic both reliably and quickly.
  • Used to switch traffic as fast as possible
A

Core layer

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43
Q

-Sometimes referred to as workgroup layer
- provides routing, filtering, and WAN access

A

Distribution layer

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44
Q
  • Controls user and workgroup access to internetwork resources
  • sometimes referred to as desktop layer
A

Access layer

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45
Q

is an ethernet term used to describe a network collection of devices in which one particular sends a packet on a network, forcing every other device on that same segment to pay attention to it.

A

Collision domain

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46
Q

Creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain.

A

Hubs

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47
Q

Breaks up collision domain but creates one large broadcast domain

A

Bridges

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48
Q

Break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to filter the network

A

Routers

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49
Q

1st connection agreement

A

Request for synchronization

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50
Q

2nd and 3rd connection agreement

A

Establishes connection

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51
Q

Final connection agreement

A

acknowledgement, notifies the destination host

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52
Q

It can occur because a high speed computer is generating data traffic a lot

A

Congestion

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53
Q
  • virtual circuit is a setup
  • uses sequencing
  • uses acknowledgement
  • uses flow control
A

Connection oriented service

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54
Q

If a host fails to receive all the segments that it should acknowledge, the host can improve communication by ______?

A

Decreasing the window size

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55
Q

A technique that requires a receiving machine to communicate w/o transmitting source by sending an acknowledgement pack to the sender when it receives data

A

Positive acknowledgement w/ retransmission

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56
Q

Protocols used to support data traffic

A

Routed protocols

57
Q

Used to update neighboring packets

A

Route update packets

58
Q

The exit interface packet will take when destined for a specific network

A

Interface

59
Q

The distance to the remote network

A

Metric

60
Q

The number of routers a packet pass through enroute to a remote network

A

Hop count

61
Q

DLL will ensure that all messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using ______?

A

Hardware addresses

62
Q

Data Link Layer sublayer that identifies network layer protocols and encapsulates them

A

LLC 802.2

63
Q

Used for physical addressing

A

MAC 802.3 and 802.5

64
Q

Time measured from when a frame enters a port to the time it exits a port

A

Latency

65
Q

If the destination is on a different segment, the frame can be transmitted only to the segment called ?

A

Transparent bridging

66
Q

Take note

A

nibble - 4 bytes
byte -8 bits

67
Q

Converted by reading nibbles not bytes

A

Hexadecimal addressing

68
Q

Has 1 nibble, 2 hex characters

A

Hex character

69
Q

DCE stands for (old and new)

A

New:
Data Communication Equipment

Old:
Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment

70
Q

Can be found at the service provider

A

DCE

71
Q

Can be found at the attached device

A

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)

72
Q

The services available to the DTE are most often accessed via a modem ______

A

Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU)

73
Q

Is a multipoint repeater

A

Hub

74
Q

Protocol that helps devices share the same bandwidth

A

CSMA/CD

75
Q

Determines when the colliding stations can retransmit

A

Backoff algorithm

76
Q

Effects of CSMA/CD

A

Delay
Congestion Avoidance
Low throughput

77
Q

When a full duplex ethernet port is on, it first connects to the remote called____.

A

Auto-detect mechanism

78
Q

Mechanism that decides on the exchange capability

A

Auto-detect mechanism

79
Q

Burned into each NIC

A

MAC

80
Q

Note:
MAC - 48 bits (6bytes)

A
81
Q

MAC hex code

A

FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

82
Q

OUI has how many bits

A

24 bits or 3 bytes

83
Q

Used in DLL to encapsulate packets handed down from the network layer

A

Frames

84
Q

The function of the __________ is to pass data frames between each other using _________.

A

Ethernet station ; MAC frame format

85
Q

Encapsulating a frame within different type of frame

A

Tunneling

86
Q

One octet synch

A

Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)

87
Q

In 10101011, the last “1” allows the receiver to _______

A

alternate 1’0

88
Q

It transmits a 48 bit value using LSB

A

Destination Address

89
Q

LSB

A

Least Significant Bit

90
Q

Identifies the transmitting device

A

Source Address

91
Q

802.3 uses a ________ field while Ethernet uses a _______ field.

A

length ; type

92
Q

Packet sent to DLL from layer 3

A

Data

93
Q

Size of packet sent to DLL from layer 3

A

64-1500 bytes

94
Q

Used to store CRC

A

FCS

95
Q

Note

A

802.3 —— Ethernet
802.3u —– Fast Ethernet
802.3ab —- Gigabit Ethernet
802.3ae —- 10Gbps over fiber and coaz

96
Q

Each of the 802.3 standard defines an _____ which allows one bit at a time transfer to the physical link from DLL

A

Attachment Unit Interface (AUI)

97
Q

Provides 100Mbps throughput that uses a nibble

A

Media Independent Interface (MII)

98
Q

Ethernet uses a

A

Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII)

99
Q

Breaking up a really big network into a number of smaller ones

A

Network Segmentation

100
Q

Routers by default break up a

A

Broadcast domain

101
Q

Routers can also provide packet filtering using

A

Access list

102
Q

Routers use a _______ to make path selection.

A

Routing table

103
Q

Used to reduce collision domains within broadcast domain and increase the number of collision domains

A

Bridging or Bridges

104
Q

CISCO calls the Multiport Bridges and was introduced before routers and hubs

A

Bridging or Bridges

105
Q

NOTE

A

Using hubs can contribute to congestion on your Ethernet

106
Q

Router functions

A

Packet switching
Packet filtering
Internetwork Communication
Path Selection

107
Q

IBM

A

International Business Machines Corporation

108
Q

NOTE

A

If broadcast domains are too large:
- users have less bandwidth
- requires to process more broadcast
- Network response is slow

109
Q

Conceptual blueprint of how communication should take place

A

Reference model

110
Q

Logical groupings

A

Layer

111
Q

Network devices that operates @ the OSI Model

A
  1. Network Management System (NMS)
  2. Web and Application servers
  3. Gateways (not default)
  4. Network host
112
Q

Emily Post of the network protocol world

A

ISO

113
Q

NOTE/MEMORIZE

A

Layer Functions:
1. APPLICATION
- file, print , message, data base, application services

  1. PRESENTATION:
    - data encryption, compression, translation
  2. SESSION:
    - Dialog control
  3. TRANSPORT:
    - End-to-End encryption
  4. NETWORK:
    - Routing.
  5. DATA LINK
    - Framing
  6. PHYSICAL
    - Physical topology
114
Q

Used to view a local HTML

A

NIC

115
Q
  • used at the transport layer
  • means acknowledgement, sequencing, and flow control
A

Reliable

116
Q

Data integrity is ensured at the transport layer by maintaining ______>

A

Flow control

117
Q

Transmitting device first establishes a connection -oriented session w/ its peer system

A

Call setup/three way handshake

118
Q

When the transfer is finished, a _______ takes place to tear down the virtual circuit

A

Call termination

119
Q

Is a virtual setup

A

Overhead

120
Q

Types of flow control

A

Buffering
Windowing
Congestion Avoidance

121
Q

EIA/TIA category 5, 6, or 7 UTP two-pair wiring. One user per segment; up to 100 meters long. It uses an RJ45 connector with a physical star topology and a logical bus.

A

100BaseTX (IEEE 802.3u)

122
Q

Uses fiber cabling 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber. Point-to-point topology; up to 412 meters long. It uses an ST or SC connector, which are media-interface connectors.

A

100BaseFX (IEEE 802.3u)

123
Q

Copper twisted-pair called twinax (a balanced coaxial pair) that can only run up to 25 meters.

A

1000BaseCX (IEEE 802.3z)

124
Q

Category 5, four-pair UTP wiring up to 100 meters long.

A

1000BaseT (IEEE 802.3ab)

125
Q

MMF using 62.5- and 50-micron core; uses an 850 nanometer laser and can go up to 220 meters with 62.5-micron, 550 meters with 50-micron.

A

1000BaseSX (IEEE 802.3z)

126
Q

Single-mode fiber that uses a 9-micron core and 1300 nanometer laser and can go from 3 kilometers up to 10 kilometers.

A

1000BaseLX (IEEE 802.3z)

127
Q

a balanced coaxial pair

A

Twinax

128
Q

If you want a network that is susceptible to EMI, use a __________ to provide a more secure, long distance cable.

A

fiber-optic cable

129
Q

Once you have the correct cable connected from your PC to the CISCO router or switch, you can start __________ to create a console connection and configure the device.

A

Hyperterminal

130
Q

In order for host A to ping host B, a ______ is needed to connect the two switches.

A

crossover cable

131
Q

When a host transmits data across a network to another device, the data goes through ________.

A

encapsulation

132
Q

To communicate & exchange information, each layer uses .

A

PDUs

133
Q

The ______ is responsible for finding the destination hardware address that dictates where the packets should be sent on the local network. It does this by using ________.

A

network layer ; ARP

134
Q

The network layer adds a header, and adds the logical address to the front of each segment. Once the header is added to the segment, the PDU is called a _____.

A

packet

135
Q

9600 ——– BPS

A
136
Q

Helps us understand where things belong, how things fit together and what functions go where

A

Hierarchy

137
Q

IS an issue at the core layer of CISCO Hierarchical model

A

Fault tolerance

138
Q

Communication point between the core and access layer of the CISCO Hierarchical Model

A

Distribution layer

139
Q

breaks up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain by default

A

Switches

data communications (6 decks)

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