CNM Nut 2S1 - KZ NEW

Question 1

What does CVD stand for?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease

CVD refers to a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Question 2

AAHMS

Name 5 conditions included in CVD.

Answer 2

• Atherosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Angina
• Myocardial infarction
• Stroke

Question 3

What is the Endothelium (ED)?

Answer 3

A monolayer of endothelial cells lining the blood interface throughout the CVS including cardiac chambers

The Endothelium plays a critical role in vascular function.

Question 4

Define shear stress in the context of the cardiovascular system.

Answer 4

Frictional force of blood on endothelial cells

Shear stress influences endothelial function and health.

Question 5

What is the glycocalyx (GX)?

Answer 5

A carbohydrate-rich protective layer covering the endothelium

The glycocalyx is crucial for vascular health.

Question 6

List 3 functions of the glycocalyx.

Answer 6

• Regulates permeability
• Controls Nitri Oxide production
• Acts as a mechanosensor of blood shear stress

These functions are vital for maintaining vascular homeostasis.

Question 7

What can damage the glycocalyx (5)?

Answer 7

• Inflammation
• Hyperglycaemia
• Endotoxemia
• Oxidised low-density lipoproteins
• Abnormal blood shear stress

Damage to the glycocalyx can lead to vascular dysfunction.