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CNL Exam (DT) > CNL Exam > Flashcards

CNL Exam Flashcards

1
Q

vertical leadership

A

-hierarchical
-management at the top, clearly outlined chain of command
-authority and decision making is at the top

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2
Q

horiztonal leadership

A

-chain of command is limited
-dept managers can make decisions
-collaboration, and contribution is encouraged

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3
Q

7 leadership styles

A

charismatic
bureaucratic
autocratic
consultative
participatory
democratic
laissez-faire

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4
Q

what type of leadership style is this?
“depends upon personal charisma to influence people, engage followers and relates to one group rather than organization at large”

A

charismatic

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5
Q

what type of leadership style is this?
“follows org rules exactly and expects everyone else to do so. May engender respect, but may not be conducive to change”

A

bureaucratic

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6
Q

what type of leadership style is this?
“makes decisions independently and strictly enforces rules. Most effective in crisis situations, can have difficulty gaining commitment from staff”

A

autocratic

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7
Q

wha type of leadership style is this?
“presents a decision and welcomes input and questions although decisions rarely change. Most effective when gaining support of staff is critical to success of proposed changes”

A

consultative

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8
Q

what type of leadership style is this?
“presents a potential decision and then makes a final decision based on input from staff or teams. Time-consuming, may result in compromises, but can make staff feel motivated”

A

participatory

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9
Q

what type of leadership style is this?
“presents a problem and asks staff or teams to arrive at a solution, although the leader usually makes final decision. Can delay decision making but staff and teams can be more committed to solution because of their input”

A

democratic

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10
Q

what type of leadership style is this
“exerts little direct control but allows employees/teams to make decisions with little interference. may be effective leadership if teams are highly skilled and motivated, but can also be the product of poor mgmt skills and little being accomplished”

A

laissez faire

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11
Q

who came up with the theory of interpersonal relations

A

peplau

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12
Q

what are the 4 phases of peplau’s interpersonal relations theory?

A

orientation
identification
exploitation
resolution

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13
Q

describe the 4 phases of peplau’s theory on interpersonal relations

A

orientation: patient seeks help, nurse determines patient’s need for assistance
identification: nurse helps patient to identify who can help, sets goals for care
exploitation: patient receives care from nurse
resolution: care is complete, relationship ends

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14
Q

what is the transformational leadership theory?

A

leader leads change through showing respect and consideration for individuals, challenging them intellectually, and inspiring and influencing them
lead through example

identify what needs change and work with other members of team to inspire them and motivate them to find solutions

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15
Q

Lewin’s change theory: what are the 3 phases

A

unfreezing (letting go of old habits)
changing: making change to healthier habit
refreezing: implements change as new habit permanently

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16
Q

change theory: what are driving forces

A

those that support change or push patients toward understanding necessary changes
(i.e. breathing easier for smokers)

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17
Q

change theory: restraining forces

A

work against driving forces and inhibit change
(i.e. living with people who smoke)

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18
Q

change theory: equilibrium

A

driving and restraining forces are of equal strength

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19
Q

why do nurses use maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

helps determine priorities for patients based on whether needs are fulfilled

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20
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

base: physiological needs
safety
psychological of emotional needs
self-esteem
self-actualization

*goals should match where patient is

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21
Q

systems thinking

A

concerned with how each part of the environment comes together to affect other parts and the overall system

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22
Q

how do nurses use systems thinking

A

think about the organization more broadly, what are the interconnected groups and frameworks that make the unit or org run smoothly

circular process - systems support and interact with one another

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23
Q

what is required for systems thinking

A

collaboration w/ interdisciplinary team

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24
Q

complexity theory

A

-behavior of the complex group/system and ability to self-organize as a whole may be different from individual behavior and results from interactions adaptation

-outcomes are dependent on the interactions that occur and cannot be predicted
system will evolve in its own way - no one can have complete control

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25
Q

rational organizational theory

A

provides a framework and structure for making decisions and focuses on the on logical/rational decisions necessary to reach goals

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26
Q

steps in rational organizational theory

A

determine goals/desired outcomes
collect data
brainstorm to determine possible actions
determine positive and negatives for each action
reach a decision
implement changes
analyze outcomes

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27
Q

contingency theory

A

theory of organizational behavior that states that there is no one best method of organizing a company, corporation, or business but that organization is contingent on a number of factors, so what works in one may not work in another

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28
Q

crisis theory

A

how patients respond to crisis situations that interrupt their current practices of self care

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29
Q

chaos theory

A

even with the most disorganized situations, there is still a sense of order
appropriate mgmt of change can prevent chaos from erupting

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30
Q

social cognitive theory

A

learning develops from observation, and organizing and rehearsing behavior that has occurred

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31
Q

what conditions are required for modeling (social cognitive theory)?

A

attention
retention
reproduction
motivation

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32
Q

health belief model

A

considers a person’s understanding of potential illness and its severity, the patient’s risk of contracting the illness, and the benefits that would occur if steps were taken to prevent the illness, and potential barriers to prevention measures

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33
Q

ecological model

A

focuses on interactions b/w people and their environments

behavior effects multiple levels of influence (intrapersonal, interpersonal, socioeconomic, psychological, psychological organizational, community, public policy)

important to align individual and their environmental factors

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34
Q

theory of reasoned action

A

based on idea that actions people take voluntarily can be predicted according to their personal attitude toward the action and their perception of how others will view their doing the action

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35
Q

3 concepts of theory of reasoned action

A

attitudes
subjective norms
behavioral intention (based on weighing attitudes and subjective norms) –> leads to taking or avoiding action

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36
Q

what are 3 types of patient care models

A

team nursing
primary nursing
total patient care

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37
Q

team nursing approach

A

one nurse is team leader
each team member is responsible for certain types of care (meds, ADLs)

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38
Q

primary nursing

A

continuing of care - same nurse is assigned to care for same patient over time

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39
Q

total patient care

A

nurse is responsible for all aspects of patient care
aka case method nursing

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40
Q

decentralized unit

A

integrates mgmt into work of staff
work is spread out among staff, CNLs, and managers

*more nurses involved in leadership
*nursing staff feels more empowered

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41
Q

shared governance

A

gives nursing staff power and ability to work together and make decisions for the unit

can include council work

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42
Q

moral courage

A

acting in the best interests of a given situation, even if there are potentially negative consequences as a result

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43
Q

participative mgmt

A

style of organization that promotes mgmt of issues at all staff levels

ideas are shared, all nurses have access to communication, knowledge and guidance

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44
Q

synergistic model

A

occurs b/w patients and nurses when both parties work together for patient care
nurses provide care, patients must participate in health decisions regarding care (follow treatment, adhere to education)

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45
Q

what is the Omaha System used for?

A

used to measure patient outcomes, describe nursing interventions, and document patient needs

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46
Q

what are the 3 parts of the omaha system

A

problem classification: uses info gained from assessments - how are they impacted by environment, behaviors, etc.

intervention scheme: guides nurses in developing interventions for patients conditions

scale scheme: rate patient’s problems, knowledge, behavior, health status, which can evaluate overall progress

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47
Q

levine’s conservation model

A

each nurse patient relationship = an individual connection by adapting holistic approaches

conservation = keeping patient in state of wholeness or integrity when normal coping abilities are disturbed

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48
Q

medical model

A

focuses on diseases or illnesses that are present and seeks to find methods of treatment

patients may or may not agree, don’t really give input

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49
Q

patient centered model

A

allows patients to have a say in the care they receive

care is focused on quality of life, more than just disease process

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50
Q

clinical microsystem

A

particular setting of clinical care that uses a specific group of people to provide care for patients

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51
Q

chain of command

A

order of authority for health care decision makers among providers

designed to protect nurses, patients and organization as a whole

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52
Q

what intellectual traits make critical thinking successful?

A

intellectual humility
intellectual integrity
intellectual empathy

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53
Q

6 health care disparities

A

SES
environment
education
diet/food
system (i.e. insurance coverage, quality of health care)
ethnicity

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54
Q

what are the 3 main components of appropriate decision making on part of patients

A

clinical info: give patients enough info to make informed decisions about care

clarifying values

guidance towards patients

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55
Q

3 examples of vulnerable patient populations

A

elderly
low health literacy
lowSES

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56
Q

who are key stakeholders that need to be involved when advocating for healthcare change?

A

patients/families/caregivers
health care providers
health care orgs and associations
employers and insurers
health care industry/manfuacturers
policy makers

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57
Q

legitimate power

A

comes from position/certain status

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58
Q

referent power

A

comes from having the respect of others

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59
Q

how can nurses influence policy reform at institutional level

A

nurses may serve on committees or lobby the organization’s administration to make changes in policies and procedures in the hospital or clinic where they work

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60
Q

how can nurses influence policy reform at community level

A

can speak with comm leaders, promote outcomes through EBP by working with nursing organizations, or establish health policies in public health and preventative care

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61
Q

how can nurses influence policy reform at national level

A

work with legislators and politicians to educate them on importance of certain health standards
speak to groups about policy reform
serve on national committees for nursing orgs

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62
Q

when was CNL speciality implemented into practice

A

2007

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63
Q

who can the CNL collaborate with to disseminate information

A

team meetings
board of directors/administration
community health care providers
professional organizations
research opportunites
community groups

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64
Q

lateral integration

A

integrating different disciplines involved in clinicial quality

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65
Q

how do CNLs act as lateral integrators?

A

-coordinate patient activities and care
- meet with various professionals involved in care
-share info among health care team
-overseeing clinical care of patient
-effective hands off procedures
-intervening when necessary
-reviewing labs and imaging
-ensuring patient/family receive necessary info and education
-assist with development of plan of care and discharge plan

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66
Q

care coordination

A

process of organizing patient care, can involve various providers

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67
Q

problem based focus assessment

A

focuses on finding a solution to chief complaints and current health problems

ensures critical problems are addressed first

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68
Q

holistic nursing care

A

focuses on patients and their relationship to health, environment, and self care

consider physical, psychological, cognitive, spiritual, and social systems

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69
Q

holistic assessment

A

includes various aspects of patient’s backgrounds beyond physical symptoms

can include developmental assessment (i.e. developmental stages), cultural and spiritual assessment

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70
Q

clinical microsystem

A

small team of health care providers who work together to provide health care to a specific group of patients

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71
Q

purpose of the clinical microsystem assessment

A

is the microsystem working to max efficiency and achieving desired outcomes

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72
Q

altruism

A

caring for others in a selfless manner by considering the needs of others without expecting a reward in return

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73
Q

autonomy

A

patient’s rights to make their own decisions regarding their health

right to self determination

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74
Q

beneficience

A

process of doing good things for the sole benefit of others

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75
Q

non-maleficence

A

not doing things that would be harmful to patients

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76
Q

veracity

A

telling the truth
nurses have an ethical obligation to tell patients the truth about their conditions

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77
Q

bioethics

A

studying how ethical issues may arise within science and medicine

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78
Q

ethical codes

A

guides that are given to direct appropriate behavior and response when ethical dilemmas are encountered

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79
Q

does the code of ethics apply to all nurses

A

yes

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80
Q

end of life decision making

A

process of making decisions that may or may not prolong patient’s lives
decision made by patients caregivers, physicians and families

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81
Q

negligence

A

performing any act of omission or commission that a reasonable person would otherwise not do

(i.e. wrong dose of meds)

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82
Q

agents

A

items that cause or contribute to disease conditoins

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83
Q

biological agents

A

may or may not be infectious
bacteria, viruses, fungi

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84
Q

psychological agents

A

affect mental health, can cause disease such as stresss

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85
Q

physical agents

A

means that might occur environmentally, such as accidents or natural disasters

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86
Q

nutritional agents

A

impact the body based on patient’s nutrient intake, vitamin deficiency or toxicity

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87
Q

chemical agent

A

substance that contributes to disease, industrial chemicals or pesticides

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88
Q

active immunity

A

resistance to certain types of diseases

(can be from exposure to specific disease or immunizations)

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89
Q

health trajectory

A

course of an illness OR condition of patients

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90
Q

patient focused outcomes

A

associated with patient’s physical processes,

ex: how the body responds to certain types of treatments, the physiological progression of the disease within the body, changes in body processes as responses to interventions, or changes in emotional status as a result of CBT

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91
Q

provider focused outcomes

A

activities that nurses perform to help patients reach their goals

ex: effective patient care, nursing competence in skills

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92
Q

medical diagnoses vs. nursing diagnoses

A

medical: provided by physicians, based on symptoms, history and diagnostics

nursing: provided by nurses, based on nursing assessments as well as potential outcomes surrounding the conditions of patients

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93
Q

nursing sensitive indicators

A

patient care measures that affect the nursing process

3 types: structure, process, outcome

94
Q

structure indicators

A

describe components of the nursing staff: education, expertise, staffing ratios, current certifications

95
Q

process indicators

A

measures certain type of care that nurses may give, such as performing assessments, developing nursing diagnoses, and providing interventions

96
Q

outcome indicators

A

help to determine the quality of patient care provided based on patient outcomes

indicators may include outcomes like infection rates, wound development, patient falls

97
Q

goal oriented patient care outcomes

A

focuses on patient’s well-being across several measures

patients take part in deciding their own goals

goals should be measurable and achievable

98
Q

five rights of med admin

A

right patient
right med
right dose
right time
right route

99
Q

schedule 1 drugs

A

controlled substances
highest likelihood of contributing to addiction of abuse

i.e. LSD, heroin

100
Q

schedule 2 drgus

A

drugs that carry a risk of abuse as well as physical or psychological dependence

ie opioids

101
Q

schedule 3 drugs

A

may carry a risk of abuse but are less of a risk than schedule 2

ie stimulants

102
Q

schedule 4 drugs

A

substances have less risk abuse but may cause psychological dependence

i.e. benzos

103
Q

schedule 5 drugs

A

medications are least likely to cause abuse or dependence

i.e. opioids mixed with another med, cough meds

104
Q

3 measures that can be used to anticipate complications

A

vital signs
knowledge of disease progression
knowledge of medication adverse reaction

105
Q

transition

A

can involve moving from a hospital to a home or another facility

106
Q

what are some key resources to think of when patients are transitioning from hospital to home or another facility

A

food
meal prep
support system
financial need
housing
transportation

107
Q

predictive health

A

considers the potential effects of physical and emotional factors and how they will ultimately impact future health

looks at: healthy behaviors, genetics, biomarkers and social factors to determine how they will affect a persons’ health throughout a lifespan –> influences interventions a patient will recevie

108
Q

3 factors that influence response to illness and care

A

ethnicity
SES
support system

109
Q

what tool can you use to test adult literacy skills

A

rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (REALM)

ascertains individuals knowledge of medical terms

110
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

takes into account patient’s genetic background in determining appropriate medications

111
Q

biomarkers

A

biological markers that cause changes in the body, which guide clinicians in making decisions about care and treatment

can indicate changes at tissue, cellular or bloodstream level

112
Q

deterministic beleifs

A

patients believe that outside forces predetermine illness or injury, no use trying to fight it

113
Q

biomedical beliefs

A

illness is due to a system breakdown in the body

114
Q

magico-religious beliefs

A

centered on spiritual, religious or magic forces that impact health and wellness

115
Q

how are healthy behaviors addressed at individual level

A

self exam of healthy practices, setting goals for wellness

i.e. eating right, exercising, attending classes that promote health

116
Q

how are healthy behaviors addressed at interpersonal group level

A

small groups of people gather together to discuss their ideas for healthy behaviors and incorporate them for a change

i.e. walking groups, book clubs, weight loss support groups

117
Q

how are healthy behaviors addressed at organizational level

A

larger groups (health care centers, schools) support healthy living through campaigns or educational offerings

118
Q

what are interventions to modify risk factors?

A

-assess patients
-establish a baseline for patient by which they can measure progress
-educate what constitutes risk factors and how these risk factors affect health
-evaluate motivation for change
-educate about methods to mitigate
-help develop plan for change
-advise about community resources
-provide access to programs
-track program and provide feedback
-develop reward system
-engage family and friends to help
-develop maintenance plan

119
Q

what is this? “campaign that sets objectivesfor health of people in America based on scientific methods and is updated every 10 years”

A

healthy people

120
Q

health policy

A

decisions, plans, or actions to achieve specific health care goals within a society

121
Q

regulatory controls

A

limits and requirements health care organizations must follow that ensure they are in line with the standards set by the regulatory agency

122
Q

what did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act do

A

passed in 2009
goals of supporting jobs, encouraging economic activity and requiring accountability for government spending
designated money for public health programs, spend money on health care tech

123
Q

what does CHIP provide

A

health insurance for families with children who do not have insurance or who meet low income guidelines

covers hospital care, outpatient programs, and emergency care, well visits, and immunizations

124
Q

who governs CHIP

A

states w/ some federal funding

125
Q

what are 4 things impacted by health care policy

A

health promotion/disease prevention
standards of care
scope of practice
access to care

126
Q

health policy directives

A

instructions given about how to implement health practices that have been passed by legislation

127
Q

what is aesthetic knowing

A

concentrates on how nurses perceives patients and their needs, as well as aspects of the relationship that are distinctive or unique

128
Q

ethical knowing

A

understanding of what is moral or ethical, such as nurses’ knowledge of measures that are correct in behavior, policies, and actions

129
Q

what is the responsibility of nurses in disease surveillance

A

monitoring outbreak of disease in a community, tracking how it spreads, and determining how it affects the population

can also monitor rates of chronic diseases

130
Q

data set

A

comprised of information applied to statistical analysis that is investigated as part of disease surveillance

131
Q

what is the beveridge model

A

-developed for NHS in the UK
-citizens have a health card that gives them access to health care that the gov pays for through taxes
-gov sets prices to keep costs low

132
Q

bismarck model

A

all citizens are covered by insurance with costs of insurance paid for by both employers and employees
health insurance companies don’t make a profit so costs are contained

133
Q

national health insurance model

A

-founded in Canada
-single payer system with the government funding the insurance program
-costs are contained

134
Q

out of pocket model

A

people required to pay out of pocket because they don’t have insurance or gov provided medical assistance

135
Q

universal health care model

A

system of health care financing is in place in which all citizens receive a health card that provides access to care at no additional cost or limited additional cost

136
Q

what forces impact delivery of care

A

political forces (change in leadership can expand or limit Medicaid)
legal/regulatory (i.e. CMS)
economic

137
Q

SBAR

A

situation
background
assessment
recommendation

138
Q

hospitalists

A

physicians who specifically care for patients in hospital

139
Q

bargaining strategies: distributive

A

a competitive process in which one side wins and the other loses (zero sum, win lose)

140
Q

bargaining strategies: integrative

A

a collaborative process (win-win). parties involve bargain jointly trying to solve problems
most successful if there is trust

141
Q

bargaining strategies: mixed

A

combines some aspects of distributive and integrative

142
Q

phases of collaboration

A

problem setting: identifies people to serve on team, individual roles of team members, and ideas for what the problem is

direction setting: team works together to establish identified problem and discuss resources

structuring phase: team members get assignments according to expertise, roles are assigned and clarified

143
Q

groupthink

A

when all members of a group hold the same view or position on a matter

can be positive when all members agree but can limit possibilities for discussion, exchange of ideas or alternatives to current practice

144
Q

3 types of group processing

A

task groups
teaching group
therapeutic group

145
Q

task groups

A

designed to develop, plan, & implement a certain task
i.e. conference planning committee

146
Q

teaching group

A

meets to provide education
ie. educational forum for patients os they can learn about exericse and weight control

147
Q

therapeutic group

A

designed to manage situations that may cause stress or emotional disturbances
i.e. support group

148
Q

error making process

A

when either one person on the team or a group of team members contribute to an error in decision making

process includes bringing error to attention of team and team works together to take action to fix it

149
Q

error recovery process

A

necessary once an error has been discovered, whether it was the result of an individual or group

150
Q

task conflict

A

occurs when team members disagree about certain practices
d/t educational differences, diversity in skill levels, difference of opinion

151
Q

AVID approach to prevent conflict from escalatiing

A

assume - nurses assume positive things

validate - nurses listen to another’s POV and confirm their feelings about the situation even if they dont agree

ignore - if nurses are unable to change a situation or validate, they should ignore and move on

do - do something to prevent stress of conflict form negatively affecting them

152
Q

what does a culture of retention promote

A

employee satisfaction and preservation
staff is recognized for efforts and staff feels valued

153
Q

incident based peer review

A

occurs when an incident happens as a result of a nurse’s work and the situation is reviewed to determine outcomes and discipline

154
Q

safe harbor peer review

A

occurs when a nurse has concerns regarding her assigned practices
may happen if a nurse feels her work is beyond her scope of practice
protects nurses from working beyond licensing requirements

155
Q

what are 3 components of peer review process

A

observation - gather pertinent info about nurses’s activity

feedback - nurse is given info about performance

strategizing - addresses needs and concerns that are raised during peer review

156
Q

steps in designing a peer review process

A
  1. get support for process from staff that will be participating
  2. process of review is designed
  3. nurses are educated about the process so they are aware of their roles –> implement for use and then evaluate
  4. fix any issues identified and revise as needed
157
Q

what does critical listening ential

A

hear what patients say
recognize body language
don’t interrupt or interject
analyze what patients say, clarify and determine if there is anything else to be explored

158
Q

voice mgmt

A

how nurses speak when they communicate with others
should adapt to patient (i..e low health literacy skills or language barriers)

159
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

involves patients and nurses working together for patient focused care

160
Q

shared decision aking

A

allows patients to have a voice and participate in plan of action for their care

patients receive evidence based info about their treatments, mgmt, screenings and preferences

individualizes care

161
Q

positive regard

A

having respect for patients and seeing them as people of value and worth

162
Q

emotional intelligence

A

ability to understand and manage one’s emotions as well as the ability to recognize and understand the emotions of others

163
Q

4 abilities involved in emotional intelligence

A

ability to perceive, use, understand and manage emotions

164
Q

three responses to conflict

A

avoidance
accommodation
collaboration (best way)

165
Q

what should nursing documentation include

A

care given (tx, education, responses to tx, measures that demonstrate they followed orders)
meds - type, dose, time, patients response

166
Q

informed consent: what is the nurse’s role?

A

nurses must document that the patient was given info and agreed to it, that they were given alternatives, and right to change to another health care provider

167
Q

what is a culturally competent health care setting

A

one that recognizes that there are different sets of beliefs, values, and practices among patients and consumers

shows respect for different cultures and takes steps to bridge gaps

168
Q

what should nurses do before working with patients from different cultures

A

self-reflection

169
Q

acculturation

A

process of one person or group taking on the cultural identities of another

170
Q

what 3 concepts are required for quality improvement

A

determination toward commitment to quality improvement
ideas
implementation

171
Q

how is performance improvement different than research

A

research is to identify new info that can be applied to clinical setting

performance improvement works to improve already existing care practices - localized to affected area

172
Q

Hospital Quality Initiative

A

started by CMS as a method of providing QI info to patients and consumers

*voluntary participation from healthcare orgs

173
Q

Interdisciplinary Research Quality Initiative

A

created by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 2005 to determine how nurses impact quality of patient care and use nurses as a source of improving standards that affect patient outcomes

174
Q

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ): how is it funded and when did it start?

A

branch of US HHS, receives funding from Congress

started in 1989

175
Q

what is the purpose of the AHRQ

A

seeks to promote quality health care measures, reduce costs and encourage use of evidence

promotes evidenced based practice
maintains database of clinical practice guidelines (National Guideline Clearinghouse)

176
Q

magnet recognition program

A

recognition system for health care org that demonstrate quality, leadership, and excellence in nursing care

177
Q

what are the 4 components of the magnet program model

A

transformational leadership
structural empowerment
exemplary professional practice
interdisciplinary teamwork

178
Q

errors of omission

A

happen when nurses fail to provide a service for which they are responsible (i.e. not giving meds)

179
Q

errors of commission

A

when nurses perform an incorrect act (i.e. wrong med dose)

180
Q

sentinel event

A

event that is unintended and causes death or significant physical or psychological injury or risk of this occurring

requires an investigation

181
Q

incident report

A

document that should be filled out after an adverse incident occurs that affects a patient, family or staff

182
Q

what is a patient registry

A

system that collects data about patient outcomes related to specific groups

can be used to guide caregivers on interventions, cost effectiveness of certain practices, measure quality standards, maintain safety

183
Q

product registries

A

used to evaluate safety and effectiveness of certain medications, therapies, or interventions to provide surveillance for potential adverse outcomes that could occur

184
Q

three types of qual data sampling

A

purposive
snowball
quota

185
Q

purposive sampling

A

most common
selects samples according to particular research question or the number of participants available who are appropriate for the specific data needed

186
Q

snowball sampling

A

uses the contacts of those participants already involved to gain new participants

187
Q

quota sampling

A

researcher determines how many participants are needed for the study and what characteristics they want involved

188
Q

descriptive stats

A

provide a summery of the results of a study
use measures like central tendency and measures of variability to describe outcomes of the research data that were measured

189
Q

inferential stats

A

processes that must be calculated to help the researcher understand or predict what the process might be

ex: calculating probability of certain event or finding statistical signifcance

190
Q

what is nursing surveillance

A

process of acquiring patient data, interpreting results, and analyzing the information to determine what actions are appropriate and where changes must be made

191
Q

Clinical Quality Value Analysis

A

helps decision makers to recognize whether certain products or services are valuable to organization, financially stable, and will improve patient outcomes

192
Q

gap analysis

A

considers a company’s current performance with what it could be

used to look at current performance and set a goal of where it should be within a certain time frame

193
Q

root cause analysis

A

performed to determine what factors were associated with an event occurring and what activities led up to the sentinel event

should be performed within 45 days

194
Q

secondary analysis

A

performed by questioning completed data and reviewing it again to obtain answers

195
Q

quant analysis of rirsk

A

uses statistical results to explain risk in an environment
results are measurable, include hard facts that can be calculated

196
Q

qual analysis of risk

A

more descriptive and ask questions

197
Q

intrinsic risk factors

A

related to patients and their health

198
Q

extrinsic risk factors

A

items in the environment that may contribute harm to patients and put them at risk for adverse outcomes

(i.e inadequate hand hygiene from nurses)

199
Q

3 types of observational studies

A

panel
cohort
case control

200
Q

panel studies

A

same group is observed over a period of time

201
Q

cohort studies

A

obeserve a group over a period of time but group may change if observations are repeated

202
Q

case control studies

A

compare groups of people who are classified into different groups

203
Q

meta analysis

A

type of study in which nurses look at research results from various studies and analyze the results

204
Q

systematic review

A

literature review to search for evidence to be used to support or change practice standards

205
Q

three phases of knowledge transfer when developing and using EBP

A

knowledge creation and distillation - performing research and then providing recs for clinical practice based on results

diffusion and dissemination: distributes the info to users

implementation: end user adoption

206
Q

translation science

A

considers the factors that affect adoption and implementation of EBP that may be used to improve clinical standards of care

concerned with factors that may be preventing the implementation of EBP - looks for ways to overcome barriers

207
Q

CINAHL

A

cumulative index of nursing and allied health literature

208
Q

information literacy

A

consists of the knowledge and ability to determine when info needs to be sought, how to research and locate information, and how to consider its results for practice

209
Q

return on investment equation

A

net profit/total cost of investment x 100

210
Q

bundled payments

A

episode of care payments
payments are received by health care providers in a lump sum in advance of care for specific conditions or courses of treatment

211
Q

value based purchasing

A

CMS program

acute hospitals receive incentive payments based on quality of care in 4 domains: safety, clinical care, efficiency and cost reduction, and patient/caregiver centered experience

assigned improvment points and assigned consistency points –> get a total performance score and VBP incentive payment is determined

212
Q

what basic marketing strategies are involved in healthcare

A

internal review
external review/market analysis
growth initiatives
cost benefit analysis
plannign

213
Q

how do you determine the cost effectiveness of a nursing intervention

A

consider the cost of the intervention and divide it by the cost of the benefits for patients

214
Q

resource utilization

A

involves considering what resources are available in the clinical setting, their cost effectiveness, and how they affect nursing care and interventions

215
Q

product evaluation committee

A

comprised of members of an org who review and evaluate products used in the organization to determine how cost effective they are

216
Q

tangible assets

A

physical items used for health care as well as the building where the org is

217
Q

intangible assets

A

skills of nursing staff, relationships b/w orgs and consumers, health care agreements, medical records, franchise rights, computer software, IT, historical documents

218
Q

benchmarking

A

ongoing process of measuring practice, outcomes, and services against a standard

219
Q

stewardship

A

involves using available resources and planning for the future to continue to improve standards

220
Q

federal anti-kickback statues

A

makes it illegal for health care orgs to accept money or rewards from sources as a method of getting them to use certain services

221
Q

nursing informatics

A

comprehensive system that combines nursing, computer science and health information mgmt into a method of monitoring patient outcomes, communicating among providers, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions

222
Q

computerized provider order entry (CPOE)

A

process of ordering meds for patients through a computer system that automatically transmits info to the pharmacy that dispenses medication

streamlines process!

223
Q

work flow technology

A

streamlines the process of getting patients from one point of care to the next

(i.e. nurse can alert those needed to take the next step of getting patients home like transport)

224
Q

group ware

A

type of computer technology that uses computer network systems for collaborating b/w members of teams or groups that are working on similar strategies

225
Q

computer mediated communication

A

provides communication among nurses, among nurses and providers, and other members of interdisciplinary team
can be through video or instant messaging

226
Q

personal health records

A

electronic records where patients can keep track of their private health information to use when needed

can be filled out and kept online, can only be accessed by authorized users (i.e. physicians)

227
Q

accidental disclosures

A

situations in which patients privacy is breached unintentionally

228
Q

servant leadership

A

leadership philosophy in which the main goal of the leader is to serve and share power, while putting the needs of the employees first so they may develop and perform as highly as possible

229
Q

CNL toolkit of skills

A

EBP
healthcare outcomes
lateral integration
feedback
coaching/mentoring
leading teams
promoting a safe and ethical environment

230
Q

pareto chart

A

tool to chart the correlation between the cause and effect of problems

CNL Exam (DT) (1 decks)

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