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CNIT 242 > CNIT 242 Lecture 8 Platform Virtualization Leave the first rating > Flashcards

CNIT 242 Lecture 8 Platform Virtualization Leave the first rating Flashcards

1
Q

Any time anything is spoofed or faked it can be considered ___

A

Virtual

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2
Q

T/F The term virtualization today typically applies to system or server virtualization

A

True

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3
Q

The process of emulating hardware so it can be made available to multiple logical systems

A

System Virtualization

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4
Q

The ability to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single computer

A

System Virtualization

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5
Q

T/F A single computer (virtual server) appears as independent computers to multiple client or guest operating systems

A

True

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6
Q

Traditional or Virtualized: Hardware is dedicated to OS, on which applications run

A

Traditional

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7
Q

Traditional or Virtualized: software emulates hardware, which guest OSes use as if real

A

Virtualized

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8
Q

Started by IBM in the 1960s in order to partition large mainframe-based systems

A

Virtualization

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9
Q

Which machine did IBM in the 1960s make in order to partition large mainframe-based systems and ditched in the 1980s and 1990s

A

VM/370

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10
Q

Why was VM/370 ditched in the 1980s-1990s

A

Due to inexpensive x86 servers and the popularity of client/server applications

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11
Q

Virtualization support for x86 systems was started in 1998 by _____

A

VMware

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12
Q

Name the 3 reasons why virtualization was made for x86 systems

A

To address server bloat:
1. Low utilization/High infrastructure cost
2. High management / maintenance cost
3. Poor disaster recovery / failover protection

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13
Q

The virtualization layer is installed on top of an existing Operating System as an application

A

Client Based (Hosted) Architecture

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14
Q

Other programs can run alongside the virtualization software

A

Client Based (Hosted) Architecture

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15
Q

aka Workstation virtualization

A

Client Based (Hosted) Architecture

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16
Q

Typically allows the best support for host hardware such as sound cards, USB ports, etc.

A

Client Based (Hosted) Architecture

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17
Q

Virtualization layer is installed directly on the hardware

A

Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture

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18
Q

No separate Operating System is necessary

A

Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture

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19
Q

The install typically offers a small console for management

A

Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture

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20
Q

More efficient than hosted architectures

A

Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architecture

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21
Q

Each environment available for O/S installation

A

Virtual Machine

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22
Q

The operating system installed in a VM

A

Guest Operating System

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23
Q

In a hosted architecture, the O/S in which the virtualization software runs

A

Host Operating System

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24
Q

The software that provides the virtualization layer in a bare-metal architecture

A

Hypervisor

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25
Virtualization Advantages: Can run different types of O/Ses on same hardware
Flexibility
26
Virtualization Advantages: Virtual machines can be easily cloned or used as templates
Flexibility ## Footnote OS / HD / etc. is just a set of files that are easily copied
27
Virtualization Advantages: Virtual machines can be quickly moved among servers
Flexibility
28
Virtualization Advantages: Can quickly create test environments
Flexibility
29
Virtualization Advantages: A virtual machine can be configured to automatically move from a failed server to one that is still working
Increased Reliability ## Footnote Fail-over or high availability
30
Provides a consistent hardware interface regardless of the underlying physical hardware is a type of _____
Virtualization Advantage
31
T/F A virtualization advantage is that it can't run an O/S on hardware not natively supported
False it can
32
T/F A virtualization advantage is that it allows a server to move seamlessly between different hardware platforms with changing drivers
False it does not have to change drivers
33
T/F A virtualization advantage is that instead of having to install and debug software platforms an entire installation, including the O/S, can be added to a virtual machine server
True
34
Virtualization Advantages: Virtual members of a cluster can spin up or down as needed to meet current demand
Increased Capacity and Scalability
35
Virtualization Advantages: One of the basic tenants of cloud computing.
Increased Capacity and Scalability
36
Virtualization Advantages: Saves physical or rack space
Lower Infrastructure Costs
37
Virtualization Advantages: Less hardware to maintain
Lower Infrastructure Costs
38
Virtualization Advantages: Increased hardware utilization
Lower Infrastructure Costs
39
Virtualization Advantages: Less power consumption
Reduced Energy Costs
40
Virtualization Advantages: Less cooling
Reduced Energy Costs
41
Virtualization Disadvantages: If the host OS crashes, all VMs crash
Single Point Of Failure
42
Virtualization Disadvantages: If the host hardware fails, all VMs fail
Single Point Of Failure
43
Virtualization Disadvantages: If you need to take the host server down multiple guests are affected
Complicates Hardware Maintenance
44
Virtualization Disadvantages: Not just looking for a box or server - could be virtualized somewhere
Harder to keep track of software and OSes
45
Name the 3 types of CPU virtualization
1. Full Virtualization 2. Paravirtualization (aka-OS Assist) 3. Hardware Assisted
46
Uses binary translation to execute instructions that are non-virtualizable
Full Virtualization (CPU Virtualization)
47
Offers the best isolation and most security between VMs but is very complex
Full Virtualization (CPU Virtualization)
48
Uses a modified guest OS to remove non-virtualizable instructions
Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist) (CPU Virtualization)
49
Poor compatibility but good performance
Paravirtualization (aka - OS Assist) (CPU Virtualization)
50
Hypervisor traps non-virtualizable instructions and re-issues them to hardware in root mode, which is a function of CPU enhancements
Hardware Assisted (CPU Virtualization)
51
Compatibility is excellent but lower performance
Hardware Assisted (CPU Virtualization)
52
Uses virtual to physical mappings maintained by the hypervisor
Memory Virtualization
53
Each VM 'thinks' it has contiguous memory space available
Memory Virtualization
54
Standard libraries can be shared among VMs
Memory Virtualization ## Footnote Reduces required memory
55
Involves managing the routing of I/O requests between virtual devices and the shared physical hardware
Device and I/O Virtualization
56
Biggest performance hit in system virtualization
Device and I/O Virtualization
57
T/F Virtualization will continue to be a key technology through the foreseeable future
True
58
T/F Future development of virtualization will likely add the requirement to do binary translations.
False Remove
59
T/F Future development of virtualization will not require specially-configured guest OSes.
True
60
T/F Future development of virtualization will remove the performance hit incurred by using Hardware Assisted technologies
True ## Footnote Some hardware support for memory mappings and device and I/O virtualization is out
61
VMware Player/Workstation/Server, Microsoft VirtualPC, Bochs, VirtualBox
Windows Based Software
62
Parallels, VMware Fusion
Mac Based Software
63
OpenVZ, VirtualBox, Bochs, KVM (Kernel Virtual Mode)
Linux Based Software
64
Amazon/Rackspace/etc. Cloud backend
XEN
65
Represents an entire suite of products
VMware vSphere

CNIT 242 (1 decks)

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