CNIM Flashcards
spondylosis
degeneration of vertebrae, spinal compression due to narrowing
spondylolisthesis
displacement of vertebrae over one another
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
hyperkyphosis
excessive curvature of thoracic spine
pseudoarthrosis
result of failed fusion/complication
ankylosis
fused joint
ossified PLL
causes stenosis and cord compression —> myelopathy
- most often occurs in cervical spine
acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma
tumor of cochlear/vestibular branch of CN VIII, increased I-II interpeak intervals
CPA tumor
tumor in cerebella-pontine angle affecting the VII and VIII nerves
Meniere’s disease
labyrinthian disorder characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, vertigo, and
tinnitus caused by imbalance of fluids inside the cochlea
tinnitus
noise in the ear (ringing, buzzing, etc.) caused by build up of cerumen (ear wax),
damage to ear drum, diseases of inner ear (Meniere’s, otosclerosis, etc.) or drugs
vertigo
hallucination that one is moving or they surrounding environment is moving caused by
diseases of labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or its nuclei in brainstem
multiple sclerosis
progressive degenerative nervous disorder resulting in demyelinating
plaques that affect central nervous tracts
Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy causing widespread demyelination
peripheral neuropathy causing widespread demyelination
diabetes mellitus
inability to metabolize sugar , chronic conditions of hyperglycemia —> peripheral neuropathy —> elevated protein
kinase C —> neural ischemia —> dec nerve conduction
- longer latencies and poor amplitude from distal (LE) stim sites
Friedrich’s axtaxia
inherited, progressive disorder involving sclerosis of the dorsal and lateral
spinal columns affecting large, myelinated fibers in nervous system
- affects coordination and speech
- results in abnormal or absent responses
Guillain-Barre Syndrome:
acute febrile polyneuritis - immune system attacks peripheral
nervous system
- longer latencies
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) / Lou Gehrig’s Disease
progressive nervous disorder
which attacks motor fibers causing progressive paralysis
Wallenberg’s Syndrome
cause of ischemia of the PICA or vertebral artery
- loss of pain/temp sensations
* ipsilateral face
* contralateral extremities and trunk
- ipsilateral ataxia, dysphagia, and dysarthria
Myasthenia Gravis:
autoimmune neuromuscular disease resulting in fatigue and weakness
due to reduction of AcH receptors on the muscle end plate
myelopathy
functional disturbances/pathological changes in spinal cord
radiculopathy
pinched/compressed nerve root
babinski’s sign
tests loss of brain control over LE / loss of lessening of the Achille’s tendon reflex in sciatica
- soles of foot scraped —> big toe moves upward toward top surface of foot (plantar flexion)
while the other toes fan out
- (+) reflex = lesions of pyramidal/corticospinal tract
- indicates upper motor neuron lesion
upper motor neuron lesion
hypertonia (too much muscle tone), spastic paralysis
lower motor neuron lesion
hypotonia (lacking muscle tone), a, flaccid paralysis, fasciculations (muscle twitching), atrophy
