CNIM

Question 1

spondylosis

Answer 1

degeneration of vertebrae, spinal compression due to narrowing

Question 2

spondylolisthesis

Answer 2

displacement of vertebrae over one another

Question 3

scoliosis

Answer 3

lateral curvature of the spine

Question 4

hyperkyphosis

Answer 4

excessive curvature of thoracic spine

Question 5

pseudoarthrosis

Answer 5

result of failed fusion/complication

Question 6

ankylosis

Answer 6

fused joint

Question 7

ossified PLL

Answer 7

causes stenosis and cord compression —> myelopathy
- most often occurs in cervical spine

Question 8

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

Answer 8

tumor of cochlear/vestibular branch of CN VIII, increased I-II interpeak intervals

Question 9

CPA tumor

Answer 9

tumor in cerebella-pontine angle affecting the VII and VIII nerves

Question 10

Meniere’s disease

Answer 10

labyrinthian disorder characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, vertigo, and
tinnitus caused by imbalance of fluids inside the cochlea

Question 11

tinnitus

Answer 11

noise in the ear (ringing, buzzing, etc.) caused by build up of cerumen (ear wax),
damage to ear drum, diseases of inner ear (Meniere’s, otosclerosis, etc.) or drugs

Question 12

vertigo

Answer 12

hallucination that one is moving or they surrounding environment is moving caused by
diseases of labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or its nuclei in brainstem

Question 13

multiple sclerosis

Answer 13

progressive degenerative nervous disorder resulting in demyelinating
plaques that affect central nervous tracts

Question 14

Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy causing widespread demyelination

Answer 14

peripheral neuropathy causing widespread demyelination

Question 15

diabetes mellitus

Answer 15

inability to metabolize sugar , chronic conditions of hyperglycemia —> peripheral neuropathy —> elevated protein
kinase C —> neural ischemia —> dec nerve conduction
- longer latencies and poor amplitude from distal (LE) stim sites

Question 16

Friedrich’s axtaxia

Answer 16

inherited, progressive disorder involving sclerosis of the dorsal and lateral
spinal columns affecting large, myelinated fibers in nervous system
- affects coordination and speech
- results in abnormal or absent responses

Question 17

Guillain-Barre Syndrome:

Answer 17

acute febrile polyneuritis - immune system attacks peripheral
nervous system
- longer latencies

Question 18

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) / Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Answer 18

progressive nervous disorder
which attacks motor fibers causing progressive paralysis

Question 19

Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Answer 19

cause of ischemia of the PICA or vertebral artery
- loss of pain/temp sensations
* ipsilateral face
* contralateral extremities and trunk
- ipsilateral ataxia, dysphagia, and dysarthria

Question 20

Myasthenia Gravis:

Answer 20

autoimmune neuromuscular disease resulting in fatigue and weakness
due to reduction of AcH receptors on the muscle end plate

Question 21

myelopathy

Answer 21

functional disturbances/pathological changes in spinal cord

Question 22

radiculopathy

Answer 22

pinched/compressed nerve root

Question 23

babinski’s sign

Answer 23

tests loss of brain control over LE / loss of lessening of the Achille’s tendon reflex in sciatica
- soles of foot scraped —> big toe moves upward toward top surface of foot (plantar flexion)
while the other toes fan out
- (+) reflex = lesions of pyramidal/corticospinal tract
- indicates upper motor neuron lesion

Question 24

upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 24

hypertonia (too much muscle tone), spastic paralysis

Question 25

lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 25

hypotonia (lacking muscle tone), a, flaccid paralysis, fasciculations (muscle twitching), atrophy