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Zoo 111 > Cnidarians > Flashcards

Cnidarians Flashcards

1
Q

shelf of tissue extending inward from the edge of the swimming bell toward the manubrium

A

velum

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2
Q

asexual type of reproduction similar to multiple transverse fission

A

strobilation

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3
Q

generally greater representation of the polyp morph in the life cycle / and medusa morphology dominates in a few others

A

Class hydrozoa

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4
Q

most are marine but with freshwater species also; generally medusoid as adults but they tend to be smaller

A

Order Hydroida

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5
Q

swimming bell with a narrower opening effect

A

greater velocity

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6
Q

Hydrozoa:

Presence of perisarc

A

Thecate

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7
Q

Hydrozoa:

Absence of perisarc

A

Athecate

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8
Q

where does nematocysts of hydrozoa lies?

A

Epidermis only, not gastrodermin

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9
Q

Hydrozoa

interconnected polyps in a colony
sharing a continuous gastrovascular cavity

A

Zooids/Modules

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10
Q

Hydrozoa:

where gamete forms and food enters

A

GVC

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11
Q

Hydrozoa

Mesoglea is cellular

A

False

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12
Q

Hydrozoa:
root-like structure anchoring the colony to a
substrate

A

Stolon

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13
Q

Hydrozoa:

transparent protective tube made of chitin, polysaccharide, protein

A

Perisarc

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14
Q

Hydrozoa:

perisarc of the hydranth

A

Hydrotheca

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15
Q

Hydrozoa:

zooid specialized for feeding

A

Gastrozooid

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16
Q

Hydrozoa:

oral end of the polyp containing the
tentacles and the mouth

A

Hydranth

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17
Q

Hydrozoa:

zooids specialized for production of
medusoids

A

Gonozooid

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18
Q

Hydrozoa:

fingerlike modules
specialized for defense; nematocysts.

A

Dactylozooids

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19
Q

Hydrozoa:

two or more types of modules

A

Dimorphic, polymorphic

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20
Q

Hydrozoa:

Orders under Subphylum Hydroidolina

A

Anthomedusae
Leptomedusae
Hydromedusae
Siphonopora

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21
Q

Anthomedusae

by the wind sailor, colonial hydroid

A

Vellela sp.

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22
Q

Hydromedusae:

fire coral

A

Millepora

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23
Q

Number of species in hydrozoa

A

more than 3k

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24
Q

Anthomedusae:

blue button

A

Porpita

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25
Q

Hydromedusae:

hydrocoral

A

Stylaster

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26
Q

Solitary hydroid,
harbor zoochlorellae in tissues,
life cycle lacks medusa stage

A

Hydra sp.

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27
Q

Immortal jellyfish, has the ability to revert back to immortal polyp thru transdifferentiation

A

Turritopsis dohrnii

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28
Q

Leptomedusae:

Hydroids with hydrothecae

A

calyptoblastic

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29
Q

Medusae saucer-shaped, but lacking in many species,
Gonads on radial canals,
Sensory structures usually statocysts, All shallow marine waters

A

Order Leptomedusae

30
Q

Leptomedusae:

tubular living tissue connecting the polyps of a hydroid colony

A

Coenosarc

31
Q

Obelia sp.

What is the main stem?
What is for attachment?

A

Hydrocaulus

Hydrorhiza

32
Q

Stolon and stalks of this colony is composed of polysaccharide, protein, and chitin.

A

Obelia sp.

33
Q

What order?

few species,
colonial, secrete calcareous skeleton,
restricted to warm waters,
not true corals, have abundant dactylozooids

A

Order Hydromedusae

34
Q

What order?

voracious carnivores
free-floating hydrozoan colonies, polymorph
epitome of hydrozoan polymorphism, “Gastrozooids and dactylozooids may have associated tentacles”

A

Order Siphonophora

35
Q

Siphonophora:

modified medusae serve as modules modified to propel the colony through the water by jet propulsion; lack both mouth and tentacles

A

nectophores

36
Q

Siphonophora:

leaf-like defensive modules

A

Bracks/Phyllozooids

37
Q

Siphonophora:

gas-filled floats (CO2), mesoglea layer is much reduced or entirely absent

A

Pneumatophores

38
Q

Siphonophora:

elongated, nematocyst bearing structures that may project from tentacles

A

Tentillae

39
Q

Siphonophora:

modules occurring in clusters and arranged upon a long stem; typically contains gastrozooids, gonozooids, dactylozooids, phyllozooids

A

Cormidia

40
Q

What species:

lacks nectophores, these animals are moved by wind and current by its pneumatophore

A

Portuguese man of war (Physalis sp.)

41
Q

Shell-less sea slug,
Pelagic, feeds on portuguese man of war,
Capable of storing nematocysts within its own and use it as defense

A

Glaucus atlanticus

42
Q

Siphonophora:

each gastrozooid has a single tentacle ; each tentacle possess tentillae,
pneumatophore is relatively small.
nectophore contraction provides jet propulsion

A

Nectalia sp.

43
Q

Siphonophora:

lacks pneumatophore,
largest member of the colony is nectophore,
long stem is cormidia

A

Maggiaea sp.

44
Q

parasites with polar capsules and polar filaments, A gene that codes specifically for cnidarian
nematocyst proteins now has been found in a species of this, their polar filaments might be nematocysts

A

(Subphylum?) Myxozoa

45
Q 
CN: stalked jellyfishes,
Mostly small,
Found in cold, shallow waters
8 tentacles in distal end,
Feed on small crustaceans,
No swimming medusa stage, 4 cm long, gonads found inside
A

Class Staurozoa

46
Q

Fill in:

Staurozoa:

Males and females release gamete in the seawater
Zygote
Elongated planulae (non-ciliated) – they creep over the substrate via
————–(what?)
Attach to a substrate and develop feeding tentacles

A

muscular contractions

47
Q

Examples (species) of Staurozoa

A

Manania uchidae

Lucernarnia batyphilla

48
Q 
Absence of medusa stage
Absence of operculum and cnidocil
Mitochondrial DNA is circular
Presence of siphonoglyph
Coelenteron partitioned by mesenteries
A

Subphylum Anthozoa

49
Q

Anthozoa:

ciliated groove in the pharyngeal wall leading to the mouth

A

Siphonoglyph

50
Q

Anthozoa:

distinct sheet of tissues partitioning the coelenteron

A

mesenteries

51
Q

Anthozoa

Pharynx; Invaginated Ectoderm

A

Stomodeum

52
Q

Anthozoa:

internal filaments loaded with nematocysts and secretory cells

A

Acontia

53
Q

Primarily carnivorous
Opportunistic carnivores
Lips

Feeding: M - P/S - GMC

A

Subphylum Anthozoa

54
Q

sea anemones’ symbiotic algae

A

Zooxanthellae

Zoochlorellae

55
Q

(4) Asexual Reproduction of Subphylum Methozoa

A

Longitudinal fission
Transverse fission
Pedal Laceration
Fragmentation

56
Q

Anthozoa:

rings of small, spherical bulges extending around the circumference of the body column; with nematocysts

A

Acrorhagi

57
Q

Anthozoa:

present in anemones that lack acrorhagi; tentacles specialized for fighting

A

Catch tentacles

58
Q

How many species and percent are Anthozoa (relative of Cnidarians)

A

6K, 70%

59
Q

Anthozoa

Type of Digestion

A

Extracellular

60
Q

Anthozoa

(2) Enzymes in GVC Septa

A

Lipases

proteases

61
Q

Anthozoa:

Organism that can change their sex at some point in their lives

A

Sequential hermaphrodite

62
Q

Anthozoa

parts of pedal disc (foot) detach
from the rest of the animal and gradually
differentiate to form a new single-module ramet

A

Pedal Laceration

63
Q

Other term for Subclass hexacorallia

A

Zoantharia

64
Q

Other term for Subclass octacorallia

A

Alcyonaria

65
Q

Hexacorallia

Symmetry in multiples of 6

A

hexamerous

66
Q

Three orders in hexacorallia

A

Actiniaria
Ceriantharia
Scleractinia

67
Q

Scleractinia

Coral Cup

A

Corallite

68
Q

(3) Importance of Scleractinia

A

Reef building - biodiversity
Aesthetic
Surgical

69
Q

Hexactinallia

Type of symbiotic relationship involving sea anemone and hermit crabs

A

Phoresy

70
Q

Ctenophores:

single sphere of calcium carbonate

A

statoliths

71
Q

Ctenophores:

devastated the anchovy fishery in the Black Sea

A

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Zoo 111 (2 decks)

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