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Machinist 3 > Cnc Machines > Flashcards

Cnc Machines Flashcards

1
Q

3 basic motion types for cnc

A

Rapid motion
Linear interpolation
Circular interpolation

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2
Q

3 different compensation types on turning centers

A

Wear offset
Geometry offset/work shift
Tool nose radius comp

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3
Q

Origin from which you specify your coordinates

A

Program zero point

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4
Q

Provides a way to size in workpiece attributes during set up or production runs as cutting tools wear

A

Wear offset

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5
Q

Used to specify program zero assignment values

A

Geometry offsets and work shift

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6
Q

Let’s you program the work surface tool path, ensures that small radius om cutting edge stays in contact

A

Tool nose radius compensation

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7
Q

Provides the approach and retract motions for cutting tools when they are not cutting

A

Rapid motion

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8
Q

Ways to control feed rate on lathe and mill (turning centers)

A

Per revolution on lathe

Sfpm for mill

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9
Q

Cnc programs must be structured for 3 reasons

A

Helps familiarize with the program

Provides consistency with the program

Allows cutting tools to be re-run on their own

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10
Q

Minimizes the commands needed to program machining operations

A

Canned cycle

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11
Q

Keeps you from repeating redundant commands in cnc programs, if you need to machine multiple identical workpiece attributes

A

Sub programming

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12
Q

Three basic modes of operation

A

Manual mode
MDI
Program operation mode

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13
Q

4 types of format for programming

A

Program start up format
Tool ending format
Tool start up format
Program ending

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14
Q

What is g99

A

Inch per revolution feed rate mode

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15
Q

What is G20?

A

Imperial measurement mode

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16
Q

What is G23?

A

Cancel stored stroke limit

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17
Q

What is G50?

A

Spindle limiter

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18
Q

What is M41 and M42?

A

Low and high spindle range

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19
Q

Gives the operator a choice between one of two conditions

A

Block delete

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20
Q

Means the cnc machine does its best to provide the intended motion based upon a limited amount of program data

A

Interpolation

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21
Q

What is G0, G01 and G02/G03

A

Rapid motion, Linear and circular interpolation

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22
Q

Brings cutting tool well above largest diameter of workpiece after a cut

A

Escape distance

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23
Q

Rule of thumb for rapid approach distance and escape distance

A

0.1 for approach and 0.05 for escape distance

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24
Q

Most important application for linear interpolation

A

To machine straight surfaces

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25
Q

Preffered method between absolute and inceremntal

A

Absolute

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26
Q

What is g98 and g99 for feed?

A

G98 is ipm
G99 is ipr

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27
Q

What word or letter to use to specify size of the arc radius being machined

A

R word

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28
Q

Does feed rate carry over from linear to circular interpolation?

A

Yes

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29
Q

2 ways to specify arc size

A

R word and directional vector

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30
Q

Is g28 considered a canned cycle?

A

Yes

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31
Q

Does feed rate get carried over from precious canned cycles?

A

Yes

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32
Q

What canned cycle is G94

A

One pass facing

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33
Q

What canned cycle is G90?

A

One pass turning cycle

Or boring cycle for ID

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34
Q

What is G71?

A

Rough turning/boring

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35
Q

What is G70?

A

Finishing for g71/72/73

Turningboring/facing/pattern

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36
Q

What is G75?

A

Peck drill and face groove

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37
Q

What is G74?

A

Radial grooving

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38
Q

What is P and Q command words on a repetitive cycle?

A

First and last sequence number of repetitive cycle

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39
Q

What is U command word on g71

A

How much stock left on diameter of part

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40
Q

What is W command word in g71/72

A

How much material is left on face

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41
Q

What is D and F word command in g71/72

A

Depth of cut and feed rate

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42
Q

2 limitations of G71 command

A

Machining recesses and efficiency

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43
Q

Limitation of g73 (pattern repeating)

A

Cutting air time

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44
Q

For G73 what is D, I and K word command for

A

D- # of roughing passes
I- amount of raw material left on diameter
K- material left on face

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45
Q

Limitation of G74 (radial grooving)

A

Doesn’t break sharp edges

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46
Q

How much overlap do you move grooving tool when width is bigger than tool

A

Atleast 0.100 to avoid witness marks

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47
Q

All single point tools have a small radius in its cutting edge, t or f?

A

True

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48
Q

4 nose radius sizes on single point tools

A

1/64
1/32
3/64
1/16

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49
Q

Pros and cons of larger tool nose radius

A

Pros: better finish

Cons: less stable which could lead to chatter/vibration

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50
Q

The larger the TNR, the greater the deviation between the programmed path and work surface, t or f?

A

True

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51
Q

TNRC is only required for single point cutting tools, like turning tools and boring bars, t or f?

A

True

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52
Q

Only use TNRC for finishing operations only when angular and circular surfaces are critical to quality of work piece, t or f?

A

True

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53
Q

What is G41, G42 and G40?

A

G41- instate TNRC with a tool left condition
G42 - TNRC with a tool right condition
G40- cancel TNRC

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54
Q

When do you use G42?

A

When external machining, turning in a direction toward the chuck

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55
Q

When do you use G41?

A

When internal machining, boring towards the chuck or when facing towards center

56
Q

G code for program data entries

57
Q

What does API stand for?

A

American petroleum institute

58
Q

Popular thread for applications involving the flow of gas or liquids

A

Tapered thread

59
Q

Most popular thread form

60
Q

Type of thread for application when normal usage may cause components fastened with right hand threads to loosen

A

Left hand thread

61
Q

The distance between one thread to the next determines the threads ______?

A

Coarseness

62
Q

What are the 6 classes of fit for threads?

A

1a,2a,3a are male threads
1b,2b,3b are female threads

Higher the number the tighter/snugger fit

63
Q

Does the root and crest change to opposite on internal threads? Y or no

64
Q

What does UNC and UNF on threads stand for?

A

Unified coarse and unified fine

65
Q

3 ways to produce threads on a cnc turning center

A

Chasing, tapping and roll forming

66
Q

How the threading tool is positioned for each pass is called

A

Infeed method

67
Q

When cutting threads, depth of cut per pass is called

A

Infeed amount

68
Q

Limitation of a v shaped threading tool

A

It doesn’t cut the major dia for external threads and doesn’t cut minor dia for internal

69
Q

Cresting tool or topping tool machines the entire thread form, t or f

70
Q

3 infeed methods

A

Compound indeed
Radial indeed
Alternating compound (also known as incremental infeed)

71
Q

Infeed method when using engine lathes compound rest between passed

A

Compound infeed

72
Q

Type of threading tool that can machine on both sides of the cutting tool

A

Cresting tool

73
Q

Type of infeed that causes the threading tool to simultaneously machine on both sides of the thread

A

Radial infeed

74
Q

Type of infeed method that tends to prolong cutting tool life while still providing a good surface finish

A

Alternating compound infeed

75
Q

Decreasing infeed amount per pass is recommended for threading tools that have more of a square shaped t or f?

76
Q

Preferred method between angular retract and straight retract

A

Straight retract. Especially when thread relief is present

77
Q

When machining a 1 start thread, the motion rate per spindle revolution is?

A

Equal to the thread pitch

78
Q

How to calculate feed for threading in inches per minute

A

Multiply the leads (pitch) times the rpm

79
Q

Rule of thumb for approach when threading

A

4x the thread lead or 0.2in, whichever is smaller

80
Q

F word when threading specifies ___?

A

Thread lead or pitch

81
Q

Cnc lathe spindle directions

A

M03 forward ( ccw)
M04 reverse (cw)

82
Q

To determine tool handedness, right cutting edge is right hand and left cutting edge is left handed, t or f?

83
Q

Three major components of a threading tool

A

Shank, insert and clamping mechanism

84
Q

What is M03 for threading?

A

Spindle forward (towards you)

85
Q

What is M04 in threading?

A

Spindle reverse direction (away from you)

86
Q

What is G32?

A

Threading motion cycle

87
Q

What is G92?

A

One pass canned cycle for threading

88
Q

What is G76?

A

Multiple repetitive cycle for threading

89
Q

What is recommended when programming Z axis on a threading tool, extreme leading edge or center of threading form?

A

Extreme leading edge

90
Q

2 versions of G76?

A

One line g76 command and two line g76 command

91
Q

What is D, I, P, K and A for threading

A

D- first pass depth
I- taper amount
P- infeed method
K- thread depth
A- tool angle

92
Q

What is P1,P2,P3 and P4 for threading

A

P1- compound infeed, reduced doc
P2- alternating compound infeed reduced doc
P3- comp infeed, constant doc
P4- alternating comp infeed, constant doc

93
Q

For radial infeed, do you just leave P and A out of G76 command? Y or n

94
Q

Is low range and rpm mode recommended for cutting threads? Y or n

95
Q

Do machines that DO NOT have live tooling, have tapping canned cycles? Y or n

96
Q

What G feed method do you use when tapping on a lathe?

97
Q

Which direction should you rotate the chuck then tapping a RH Tap on a lathe

A

M03/forward direction

98
Q

Recommended tap holder when tapping on a lathe

A

Floating tap holder

99
Q

Recommended G code command when tapping a lathe that disables feed hold,feed rate and spindle speed

100
Q

Problem with go/no go gauge

A

Doesn’t give you deviation amount

101
Q

2 causes of incorrect thread lead

A

Maximum feed rate and spindle speed.

Machine can’t keep up

102
Q

Manual function to move axis for rough positioning

103
Q

Manual function mode that provides precise control of a manual motion

A

Hand-wheel mode

104
Q

Some, mostly older, method that require that you manually send the machine to its zero return position in each axis

A

Zero return mode

105
Q

The program zero are specified by what other names? 3 of them

A

Work zero, part zero, workpiece origin

106
Q

Name the 3 position display screen pages

A

Absolute position
Machine position
Relative position

107
Q

X and Z axis geometry offsets are usually positive or negative on lathe turning centers?

108
Q

Rotating tools for turning centers/lathes are called?

A

Live tools

109
Q

A mill/turn machine has atleast one additional axis, what axis is it?

110
Q

Mill/turn machines have 2 main spindle modes, what are they?

A

Lathe mode and live tooling mode.
M154 for live tooling
M155 for lathe mode

111
Q

2 types of live tooling holders

A

Face work and diameter work

112
Q

Can you machine work attributes that are off center on a mill/turn machine with 3 axis? Y or n

113
Q

What axis do you need for off center live tooling operations on a mill/turn machine?

114
Q

For machining motions involving x,y and z, you specify feed rate in….

A

Inches per minute feed rate mode (g98)

115
Q

What is m14 for mill/turn machine when using c axis

A

Clamp main spindle

116
Q

What is G28 H0?

A

Send C axis to its zero return position

117
Q

What letters when choosing absolute and incremental positioning on C axis

A

C for absolute
H for incremental

118
Q

Does the C axis have an over travel limit? Y or n

119
Q

Where is the Y axis zero point located

A

Workpiece center

120
Q

Letters for absolute and incremental positioning for Y axis

A

Y for absolute
V for incremental

121
Q

For any machining motion that involves the C axis, you must specify feed rate in …

A

Degrees per minute (dpm)

122
Q

Plane selection. What is g18 and g19

A

G18- cutting tool is pointing in the Z axis

G19- pointing in the X axis

123
Q

G codes for face work canned cycles on G18

A

G80 cancel canned cycle
G81 drilling
G82 counterbore
G83 deep hole peck drill
G95 rh tapping
G186 lh tapping

124
Q

G codes for diameter work canned cycles on G19

A

G241 drilling
G242 counterbore
G243 deep hole peck drill
G195 rh tapping
G196 lg tapping
G80 cancel canned cycle

125
Q

3 Steps for hole machining canned cycle

A

Rapid to hole location
Machine the hole
Retract from the hole

126
Q

The live tool retracts from the hole and to a clearance post, what is the position called

A

Rapid plane or R plane

127
Q

What is P and Q for live tooling canned cycles

A

P is pause for counterboring

Q specifies peck depth for peck drilling

128
Q

If your mill/turn machine has a Y axis, do you still need to use polar coordinate interpolation. Y or n

129
Q

You use this with z axis facing end mills, it allows you to program the milling of unique shapes, flats, comtours and pockets into workpiece faces

A

Polar coordinate interpolation

130
Q

What G code instate and cancels polar coordinate interpolation?

A

G112 to instate
G113 to cancel

131
Q

When you run thr first end of the workpiece, turn wp around and reactivate the cycle on the other end is called..

132
Q

3 popular types of two spindle turning centers

A

-Twin/dual spindle turning centers
-fixed headstock sub spindle tc
-sliding headstock sub spindle tc

133
Q

Turning center that has 2 matching spindles, can be horizonral/vertical spindles and commonly have matching capabilities related to spindles speed, hp and axis travels

A

Twin/dual spindles turning centers

134
Q

Sometimes called a Swiss style turning center

A

Sliding headstock sub spindle tc

135
Q

Axis used for workpiece transfer for sub spindle turning centers

Machinist 3 (6 decks)

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