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CNA Training > CNA Words & Definitions > Flashcards

CNA Words & Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Prospective Payment

A

How much hospitals are paid for a hospital stay, based on the patients specific diagnosis and procedure.

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2
Q

Managed Care

A

A program in which the cost of appropriate health care goods and services are controlled

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3
Q

Types of Health Care Organizations

A
  • Hospitals (acute care facilities)
  • Specialty hospitals and centers
  • Subacute care facilities
  • Long-term care facilities
  • Home health agencies
  • Physicians offices and outpatient clinics
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4
Q

Acute illness

A

An illness that comes on suddenly and is generally of short duration

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5
Q

Chronic illness

A

An illness that develops slowly and continues for a long period of time

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6
Q

Chain of command

A

The lines of authority in an organization

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7
Q

Interdisciplinary team

A

A group consisting of various health care professionals and nonprofessionals who work together in the care of an individual patient. The team ideally includes the patient and the patient’s family.

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8
Q

Nursing assistant

A

Nursing assistants carry out patient care. Carry out basic functions under the direction of a registered nurse

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9
Q

Plan of care

A

A written plan that provides direction for each patients care, including the goals for the patient and the actions required to meet them

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10
Q

Activities of Daily living (ADL’s)

A

Everyday activities or tasks, including eating, dressing, bathing, and toileting

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11
Q

Scope of practice

A

The range of activities that can be legally performed within a particular health occupation

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12
Q

Job description

A

A list of duties and responsibilities that go with a particular job

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13
Q

Nursing Assistant duties will include:

A
  1. Helping patients with personal needs, such as eating, elimination, bathing, and grooming.
  2. Helping make patients physically comfortable and assisting them with mobility and activity needs.
  3. Attending to patients psychological comfort and social needs, such as by answering the call bell promptly, providing privacy, assisting with communication, and showing respect.
  4. Ensuring a clean and safe environment for patients.
  5. Assisting the nurse with assessment and care planning, such as by taking vital signs, observing patients, and reporting and recording observations.
  6. Providing support services, such as transporting patients or cleaning equipment.
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14
Q

Nursing assistants cannot do any of the following:

A
  • Give medications.
  • Diagnose or prescribe treatments or medications.
  • Take oral or phone orders from a physician.
  • Insert or remove tunes from a patients body.
  • Perform sterile procedures.
  • Do something the nursing assistant is not properly trained to do.
  • Tell anyone about a patients diagnosis or treatment.
  • Supervise other nursing assistants.
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15
Q

Confidentiality

A

The principal of not revealing private information to others.

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16
Q

Standards of care

A

A set of guidelines that serve as a model for good nursing assistant care

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17
Q

Liable

A

Legally responsible

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18
Q

Negligence

A

A failure to provide the care that a nursing assistant should be reasonably expected to provide, which causes harm to a patient or a patients property.

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19
Q

Malpractice

A

Negligence committed by a professional person, such as a physician, nurse, or pharmacist.

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20
Q

False imprisonment

A

The illegal confinement or restraint of a person against his or her will

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21
Q

Incident

A

Any unusual event such as an accident or a situation that could cause an accident

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22
Q

Physical abuse

A

This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant causes physical harm by injuring or neglecting a patient. False imprisonment is a form of physical abuse. Nursing assistants may not restrain a person in any way unless a physician has ordered it.

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23
Q

Verbal abuse

A

This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant yells at a patient or threatens a patient

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24
Q

Psychological abuse

A

This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant belittled or threatens a patient or causes the patient to be afraid. Neglect or failure to give care is also a form of psychological abuse.

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25
Q

Hygiene

A

The maintenance of health and cleanliness

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26
Q

Personal qualities of the nursing assistant

A
  • Sensitive to others feelings
  • Trustworthy, dependable, honest
  • Cheerful and enthusiastic
  • Respectful of all people
  • Cooperative with others
  • Considerate of others
  • Patient and kind
  • Able to understand themselves, especially their own strengths, weaknesses, and feelings
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27
Q

Stress

A

Pressure or strain that disturbs a person’s mental or physical well-being

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28
Q

Oral hygiene

A

Cleaning and care of the mouth, teeth, gums, and tongue

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29
Q

Dentures

A

Removable false teet

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30
Q

Conditions to report when helping with oral hygiene

A
  • Extremely bad breath
  • Bleeding
  • Loose or broken teeth
  • Damaged dentures
  • Sores in or around the mouth
  • A coated tongue
  • Complaints of discomfort
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31
Q

Feces

A

Stool or bowel movement; semisolid waste products eliminated through the rectum and anus

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32
Q

Defecation

A

The discharging of feces from the rectum through the anus; having a bowel movement

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33
Q

Constipation

A

A condition in which feces are hard and dry and cannot be easily eliminated from the body

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34
Q

How to help patients maintain normal elimination?

A
  • Make sure patients have adequate fluid intake.
  • Encourage patients to eat fruits, vegetables, bread, cereals, and other high-fiber foods.
  • Encourage patients to be as active as possible.
  • Check with patients every 2 hours to see if they need to urinate or deficate.
  • Make sure patients have privacy and plenty of time for toileting to ensure dignity and comfort.
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35
Q

Diarrhea

A

The passage of liquid feces

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36
Q

Incontinence briefs

A

Absorbent briefs made of cloth or disposable material used by patients who have difficulty controlling urination or defication.

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37
Q

Urinal

A

A portable container in which male patients urinate while in bed. A urinal designed to fit a females anatomy is also available if she prefers a urinal.

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38
Q

Bedpan

A

A portable pan in which all patients deficate and in which female patients urinate while in bed. A fracture pan is available to meet patients special needs. (Example in a cast or traction)

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39
Q

Portable bedside commode

A

A movable chair with a toilet seat that is used for elimination.

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40
Q

Perineal care

A

Cleaning and care of a patients genital and anal areas

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41
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the external genitals and the anus.

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42
Q

Guidelines for perineal care:

A
  • Wear disposable gloves
  • Clean from the front to the back (clean to dirty)
  • Since the perineum is delicate, use warm water (100°-105°F). Wipe very gently, using wet wash cloths with soap or disposable wipes, and pat dry.
  • Rinse the perineum well, because soap can irritate skin.
  • Follow your facility’s policy. In some facilities, nursing assistants give perineal care to patients while they are on the toilet
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43
Q

Urinary catheter

A

A tube inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine

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44
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection involving any structure of the urinary system, caused by bacteria invading the urethra, bladder, ureter, and/or kidneys.

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45
Q

Foley Catheter

A

A urinary catheter that is left in the bladder so urine can drain continuously; also called an indwelling or retention catheter

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46
Q

Condom catheter

A

A catheter for male patients that consists of a soft rubber sheath (condom) attached to a drainage tube.

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47
Q

Urinary meatus

A

The external opening of the urethra, which is the insertion site of a catheter

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48
Q

Communication

A

The exchange of messages and information

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49
Q

Interpersonal skills

A

Skills in dealing with people such as courtesy, tact, respectfulness, and patience.

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50
Q

Feedback

A

The verbal and nonverbal responses a listener makes to the senders message

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51
Q

Verbal communication

A

Communication that uses words, either spoken or written

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52
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Communication without words; also called body language

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53
Q

Body language

A

Nonverbal communication, such as facial expression, tone of voice, posture, and gestures.

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54
Q

Skilled listeners do these things:

A
  • Show interest and concern.
  • Avoid interrupting the speaker.
  • Display patience and act to help the speaker who is having trouble communicating.
  • Give the speaker feedback, both verbal (questions, restatements) and nonverbal (smiles, nods).
  • Show a non-judgmental attitude when listening and responding.
  • Avoid expressions such as “don’t worry” or “everything will be ok” that imply the speaker’s feelings are unimportant
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55
Q

Non-judgmental

A

Avoiding judgment of another person based on one’s own personal opinions and beliefs

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56
Q

Empathy

A

The ability of a person to understand another’s point of view and share in another’s feelings or emotions

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57
Q

Observations

A

Bits of information gathered by watching a patient

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58
Q

Reporting

A

Verbally informing someone (such as your supervisor) about patient care or observations

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59
Q

Recording

A

Writing down information on a patients medical record; also called charting.

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60
Q

Chart

A

The medical record where information on a patient is recorded

61
Q

Objective data

A

Observations of a patient made by using one’s senses, such as seeing a rash or hearing moans of pain

62
Q

Subjective data

A

Information reported by a patient about how he or she is feeling

63
Q

Flowchart

A

A computer screen (part of the patient record) that documents the actions and observations made at regular intervals; also called a flow sheet

64
Q

Medical terminology

A

Language or terms used in the field of medicine

65
Q

What are the 5 I’s

A
  1. Infront: eye contact
  2. Introduce: Patient/NA
  3. Inform: Patient/Na
  4. Isolate: Patient & germs > privacy > hands
  5. Inquire?
66
Q

What are the 5 H’s

A
  1. Heel/wheels
  2. Horn
  3. How?
  4. Hands before
  5. Hallway
67
Q

Abbreviation

A

A shortened form of a word

68
Q

Asepsis

A

The state of being free from disease causing organisms

69
Q

Biopsy

A

The removal of body tissue for diagnostic examination

70
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow heart rate

71
Q

Cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart

72
Q

Contraindicate

A

To make a medication, procedure, or treatment inadvisable

73
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of water from the body

74
Q

Diagnostic

A

Relating to or used for diagnosis, the identification by a physician of the cause of a person’s problem.

75
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

76
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Excessive bleeding, either internal or external

77
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

78
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Within or into a vein

79
Q

Pathology

A

Branch of medicine dealing with the nature of disease and the structural and functional changes caused by disease

80
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a blood vessel

81
Q

Pulmonary

A

Pertaining to the lungs

82
Q

Secretion

A

The production and release of a chemical substance by a cell, gland, or organ, which is used in the body; an example is the secretion of saliva by the salivary glands

83
Q

Tachycardia

A

A fast heart rate

84
Q

Therapeutic

A

Relating to or used in the treatment of disease

85
Q

Thrombosis

A

The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel or an organ

86
Q

Tracheotomy

A

A surgical incision in the trachea (windpipe) performed to make an artificial breathing hole

87
Q

Urinalysis

A

Laboratory test of a patients urine done for diagnostic purposes

88
Q

Infection

A

The invasion and growth of disease-causing microorganisms in the body

89
Q

Microorganisms

A

Living things so small that they can be seen only with a microscope; also called microbes or, more commonly, germs

90
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease

91
Q

Bacteria (singular- bacterium)

A

Single-celled, microscopic organisms. Some are beneficial to humans, while others cause disease

92
Q

Fungi (singular- fungus)

A

Microscopic, single-called or multicellular plants that can cause disease

93
Q

Virus

A

The smallest known living infectious agent

94
Q

Proposal (singular- protozoan

A

Single-called, microscopic animals, usually living in water, that can cause disease

95
Q

Strep (streptococcus)

A

A type of bacteria that is a common cause of chest and throat infections

96
Q

Staph (staphylococcus)

A

A type of bacteria that is a common cause of infection

97
Q

Infectious

A

Referring to a disease that can spread; communicable

98
Q

What is the chain of infection

A
  1. Causative agent
  2. Reservoir of the agent
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Portal of entry
  5. Susceptible host
99
Q

Definition of chain of infection

A

The process by which an infectious disease is transmitted to and develops in a person’s body

100
Q

Causative agent

A

In the chain of infection, the pathogen that causes the infection or disease

101
Q

Reservoir of the agent

A

In the chain of infection, the place where a pathogen (agent) can live and reproduce, such as in a person who has the disease, an animal, or a fomite

102
Q

Carrier

A

A person who has a disease that can be passed on to others but who does not does not display signs or symptoms of the disease.

103
Q

Fomite

A

Any object that is contaminated with pathogens and can transmit disease

104
Q

Portal of exit

A

In the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen leaves the reservoir

105
Q

Route of transmission

A

In the chain of infection, the way a pathogen is transmitted from the reservoir to the new host’s bofy

106
Q

Portal of entry

A

In the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen enters the host body

107
Q

Susceptible host

A

In the chain of infection, the individual who acquires the pathogen; if the host is susceptible, or unable to resist the pathogen, the pathogen begins to reproduce and causes infection

108
Q

Contact transmission

A

Transfer of microorganisms by contact with body surfaces or contaminated objects

109
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Transmission of microorganisms by droplets propelled through the air by sneezing, talking, or coughing

110
Q

Airborne transmission

A

Transmission of microorganisms by evaporated droplets or dust particles moving through the air

111
Q

Health care associated infection (HAI)

A

An infection acquired while in a health care facility

112
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

An infection acquired while in a health care facility

113
Q

Communicable

A

Referring to a disease that can be spread from one person to another, either directly or through an animal or object; infectious

114
Q

Mucus

A

Sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes in the lungs, nose, and other parts of the body. Ot provides lubrication and helps to trap and kill microorganisms

115
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Practices and procedures to maintain a clean environment by removing or destroying disease causing organisms; also called clean technique

116
Q

Sterile

A

Free from all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic

117
Q

Clean

A

Referring to an object or area not contaminated by pathogens, though not necessarily sterile

118
Q

Contaminated

A

Not clean; dirtier by contact with living microorganisms

119
Q

Dirty

A

Referring to an object or area that has been contaminated by pathogens

120
Q

Sharps

A

Needles, scalpers, razor blades, and any other sharp, potentially dangerous object used in a health care facility

121
Q

Exposure

A

Unprotected contact with pathogens or material that may be contaminated, such as medical instruments or body fluids

122
Q

Barriers

A

Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles, designed to prevent contact with the body fluids of patients

123
Q

Donning

A

Applying personal protective equipment, following the correct procedure.

124
Q

Doffing

A

Removing personal protective equipment, following the correct procedure

125
Q

Disinfection

A

A cleaning process that destroys most microorganisms through the use of certain chemicals or boiling water

126
Q

Sterilization

A

A cleaning process that kills all microorganisms, including spores

127
Q

Terminal cleaning

A

Thorough cleaning of the patient unit after the patient is discharged

128
Q

Isolation

A

Specific procedures and precautions designed to prevent a patient from infecting others or being infected by others; may involve housing the patient in a separate room

129
Q

Standard precautions

A

Guidelines that apply to the care of all patients, no matter what their known infection status is; every patient is treated as if he or she were potentially infectious

130
Q

Transmission-based precautions

A

Isolation precautions used when caring for patients who have contagious disease caused by an identified pathogen

131
Q

Flora

A

Microorganisms normally present in or on the human body

132
Q

Self-esteem

A

A person’s sense of his or her own worth and dignity; self-respect

133
Q

Holistic health

A

The view in health care that regards the body, mind, and spirit as interrelated dimensions of a person’s being and considers the needs of the whole person.

134
Q

Age-specific care considerations

A

Attention to patients safety, communication, and comfort needs that takes into account the age of the patient and the patient’s stage of life

135
Q

Prejudice

A

Strong feelings for or against something, usually formed without complete knowledge or reasoning

136
Q

Restorative care

A

Care that focuses on helping a patient return to and maintain a level of health and well-being

137
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A type of health care that helps a patient regain the highest possible state of functioning

138
Q

Occupational therapist (OT)

A

A health care professional who helps patients regain muscle control, coordination, and tolerance for activity, with the goal of recovering the ability to live and work as independently as possible

139
Q

Physical therapist (PT)

A

A health care professional who uses exercises and other techniques to help patients regain mobility

140
Q

Speech-language pathologist (SLP)

A

A health care professional who helps patients improve their speech, communication, and swallowing

141
Q

Assistive device

A

A piece of equipment that helps a patient with a disability perform an activity more easily and more efficiently

142
Q

Prosthesis

A

An artificial body part

143
Q

Orthotic

A

An appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities

144
Q

Fecal impaction

A

The blockage of the bowel by a mass of hard feces

145
Q

Suppository

A

A solid, easily melted melted medication that is inserted into a body opening such as the rectum or vagina

146
Q

Range-of-motion (ROM) exercises

A

Exercises in which each muscle and joint in the body is moved through its full range of motion - that is, all the movements it is normally capable of.

147
Q

Passive ROM

A

Exercises in which the nursing assistant moves the patient’s limbs through the range of motion

148
Q

Active ROM

A

Exercises in which the patient moves the limbs through the range of motion without help

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