CNA Practice Test Flashcards
The surgical creation of an artificial opening of the large intestine is called a ________________.
A) Gastronomy
B) Colectomy
C) Pouch
D) Colostomy.
D) Colostomy
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that takes a section of the colon and creates an artificial opening through the abdomen. The opening is called a stoma. Contents of the , or large intestine, are collected in a pouch outside the body.
When making a bed, _______________
A) raise the bed 12 inches
B) raise the bed to the level of your hips
C) do not raise the bed
D) raise the bed to the level of your waist
D) raise the bed to the level of your waist.
To avoid back injury, raise the I hear this hilarious Independence Day bed to about waist height. Should be able to stand with your back straight.
The nurse aid enters a clients room, and the client states that he is in pain. What should the nurse do?
A) help the client to get out of bed and move around.
B) report it to the nurse in charge.
C) turn on the television to distract the client.
D) tell the client that the pain will go away soon.
B) report it to the nurse in charge.
As a CNA, you may be the first person that learns of a client’s pain. Report what the client tells you to the nurse. You can try to make the client more comfortable with a position change, arranging pillows, or other supportive measures.
An apical pulse is counted for _______________.
A) 15 seconds, then multiplied by 4.
B) 30 seconds, then multiplied by 2.
C) one full minute
D) as long as it takes to hear a regular beat
C) one full minute
An apical pulse is taken on the patient’s chest near the heart. You will need a stethoscope and a stopwatch to count for one full minute. An apical pulse is useful for slow, pulse rates (under 60 BPM) or irregular pulse rates.
What body system provides framework for the body and allows the body to move?
A) Musculoskeletal
B) Nervous
C) Integumentary
D) Endocrine
A) Musculoskeletal
The musculoskeletal system is made up of muscles, bones, Cartlidge, tendons, ligaments, and joints. Together, they provide the framework for the body, muscles to move the bones, the connective tissue that links all of the moving parts.
Rheumatoid arthritis may _______________.
A) cause deformities
B) have periods of remission
C) cause pain and muscle spasms
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. The patients immune system attacks the lining of the membranes that surround the joints, causing severe pain, swelling, redness, and muscle spasms. Over time, the joints become deformed. There can be periods of remission, but there is no cure for RA.
Your client has been placed on I & O. This means that you should _______________.
A) measure the first voiding each morning
B) keep the patient NPO
C) keep track of all the solid foods and liquids the client takes in.
D) record all the fluid intake and output
D) record all the fluid intake and output
Intake an output measure the fluid balance in the body. To calculate input, add all liquids, plus foods that are liquid at room temperature, such as ice cream, ice, pops, and Jell-O.
A resident has a slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm. This is called _______________.
A) Bradycardia
B) Tachycardia
C) Tachypnea
D) Bradypnea
A) Bradycardia
The normal range of heartbeats is 60-100 per minute. Ups rate below 60 is called bradycardia, and should be reported to the nurse. “Brady” means slow. Bradypnea Is a slow respiratory rate.
Which of the following foods is allowed in a clear liquid diet?
A) tomato juice
B) milkshake
C) pudding
D) Jell-O
D) Jell-O
A clear liquid diet means the patient can have liquids that you can see through and foods that turn to liquid at room temperature. Examples: grape juice, apple juice and cranberry juice are OK, but orange juice is not. broth, Jell-O, and Popsicles are also acceptable. Tea and coffee without cream are fine, too.
The first sign of a decubitus ulcer is _______________.
A) redness, and warmth
B) tender, broken skin
C) mottled and cold skin
D) White and insensitive skin
A) redness, and warmth
One of the primary responsibility of a nurse aid is to monitor the clients skin for any signs of breaking down. During baths, dressing, or position changes, inspect the skin for redness, pallor, warmth, or bruising. Reposition at least every two hours, protecting areas that rub together, as well as the bony prominences. Massages to the back and buttocks can promote circulation. Range of motion exercises are also helpful. Always report any signs of breakdown to the nurse.
Which of the following is recorded as the systolic blood pressure?
A) The point where the last sound is heard
B) the point when the pulse is no longer felt
C) the point where the first sound is heard
D) the point 30 mm Hg above where the pulse was felt
C) the point where the first sound is heard
When taking a blood pressure, inflate the cuff of the sphygmomanometer until it is snug, about 180 mm Hg. Slowly release the valve of the cuff. When the blood is allowed to circulate, there will be a sound. That is the systolic pressure measurement, or the top number of the blood pressure reading. Hint: to remember, which is the top number, think of the “S” in systolic, superior, and sky. All of them are “above” or “high”.
A fracture-type bedpan is used for residence who _______________.
A) are in traction
B) have had hip surgery
C) have a back injury
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
A fracture pan is a smaller version of a bedpan, with one side flat, which makes it easier to slide under a patient who cannot raise their hips or who must maintain alignment. The other end has a handle for easy removal.
Edema means ______________ .
A) swelling
B) increased appetite
C) cleanse bowel of gas and feces
D) decreased appetite
A) swelling
Edema (pronounced “eh-DEE-mah”) is swelling caused by excess fluid that gets trapped in the body’s tissues. it usually occurs in the feet, ankles, and legs of a person with heart failure. It often develops gradually. The area looks puffy, and the skin appears shiny. If you press on the area, it will leave a depression that lasts after you remove your finger.
The physician ordered Mrs. Jones “to receive physical therapy QOD”. That means that she will go _____________.
A) four times a day
B) every other day
C) every day
D) every four hours
B) every other day
QOD means every other day. “Q” stands for every and “D” stands for day. “QD” is every day. Remember that “O” is other, or alternate.
The admission process includes all EXCEPT _____________.
A) Orientating the person to the room, nursing unit and facility
B) Weighing and measuring the person
C) Completing an admission checklist
D) Completing a physical assessment by the CNA
D) Completing a physical assessment by the CNA
The CNA can obtain objective information such as vital signs, height, and weight, or observing a patient skin, but cannot do an assessment. The RN is able to do a physical assessment as part of the nursing diagnosis and report findings to the MD.
A restraint should always be tied to the _______________
A) bedside table
B) bed frame
C) mattress
D) side rail
B) bed frame
In October 2015 warning, the FDA stated: “Secure restraints designed for use in bed to the bedsprings or frame, NEVER to the mattress or the bed rails. If the bed is adjustable, secure restraints to parts of the bed that would move with the patient (not constrict the patient)” the knots used for the restrain must be quick-release.
The CNA can do all of these to assist a patient for discharge capital EXCEPT ______________.
A) help the person change into street clothes
B) transport the person out of the facility
C) explain the discharge orders to the patient
D) help pack the belongings
C) explain the discharge orders to the patient
The RN is trained to provide patient education and answer questions regarding orders and treatment. It is beyond the scope of the CNA practice to give discharge instructions to a patient.
Mrs. Jones is an insulin-dependent diabetic. What task should not be done for Mrs. Jones?
A) clipping toenails
B) ambulating with a gait belt
C) bathing in warm water
D) daily footcare
A) clipping toenails
Because diabetics often have neuropathy, or nerve damage, they are unable to detect if their feet are injured. Even trimming toenails can cause an injury. Diabetics need expert care from a podiatrist or a qualified foot care professional. You could be held liable if the client develops an infection after you cut her toenails .
A major risk factor for a stroke is _______________.
A) hypotension
B) hypertension
C) overuse of vitamins
D) being underweight
B) hypertension
Hypertension is the main risk factor for strokes. Other risk factors are diabetes, heart, disease, smoking, and a history of strokes or TIAs.
When helping a resident get out of bed, what should a nurse aid do?
A) use good body mechanics
B) ask another nurse aide to help
C) raise the bed all the way up
D) keep the side rails up
A) use good body mechanics
Each time you assist, move, or transfer a resident, remember to use good body mechanics to avoid hurting yourself. Proper body mechanics uses the legs to do most of the work. Keep your back straight and locked; do not turn or twist. If you bend, do so at the knees and hips, not the waist. Before lifting or moving a resident, assess how much they are able to do. If you have any doubts, always ask for assistance from a coworker.
Residence who are bedridden face all thefollowing risks EXCEPT _______________.
A) increased muscle strength
B) pneumonia
C) calcium loss
D) blood clots
A) increased muscle strength
When a resident is unable to get out of bed, there can be many serious complications. Because lungs can’t fully expand, pneumonia can develop. Without weight-bearing activity, calcium leaves the bones, causing bones to thin. And with sluggish circulation, blood clots can form, especially in the legs. Muscles can atrophy, and there is a risk of developing contractures.
A cane should be used on the _______________.
A) weak side
B) strong side
C) dominant side
D) preferred side
B) strong side
When using a cane, it “goes on the strong side, but moves with the weak side.” this automatically shifts the person‘s weight to the strong side. To walk properly, place the cane the distance of an average step, and move the weak (affected) leg with it. Do not reach or stretch to increase the distance. The strong arm and weak leg share the load. Leaving weight through the arm that is holding the cane. When climbing stairs, remember “up with the good” and “down with the bad” to maintain balance.
An elderly resident who is inactive is at risk for constipation. In addition to increased activity and exercise, which of the following actions helps to prevent constipation?
A) frequent snack times
B) adequate fluid intake
C) low fiber diet
D) high protein diet
B) adequate fluid intake
Getting enough fluids is important in preventing constipation. Elderly people may not have an adequate fluid intake for several reasons.
1. Older people may not recognize when they are thirsty. They may need to be reminded to drink or the nurse aid can offer a drink every two hours.
2. They may restrict their own fluids to avoid incontinence or frequent toileting. Scheduled toileting can reduce the chance of incontinence.
3. They may have a medical condition, such as cognitive heart, failure, or kidney disease, that have restricted fluid intakes. If any resident is constipated on a regular basis, tell the nurse.
Mr. Lopez is learning to use the walker. What should the nurse aid do?
A) have him walk in place for five minutes
B) put padding on the walker in case he falls
C) encourage him to walk by himself
D) walk behind him, using a gait belt
D) walk behind him, using a gait belt
Mrs. Wilson is in your facility for rehabilitation after her hip replacement. Her husband wants to help give her a bath and she agrees. What should you say?
A) “great! I can take a longer break while you give her a bath. Let me set you up.”
B) “that’s nice! Let me gather everything and we can do it together.”
C) “I’m sorry, but it’s against policy to let anyone but staff take care of the patients.”
D) “I must protect the privacy of my patience. You will need to leave while I bathe her.”
B) “that’s nice! Let me gather everything and we can do it together.”
Which of the following statements is true about range of motion (ROM) exercises?
A) they require at least 20 repetitions of each exercise.
B) they are done just once every other day.
C) they can help prevent strokes and paralysis.
D) they are often performed during ADLs.
D) they are often performed during ADLs.
When helping a client who is recovering from a stroke to walk, the nurse age should assist _______________.
A) on the client’s weak side
B) from behind the client
C) on the client’s Strong side
D) with a wheelchair
A) on the client’s weak side
While helping a resident perform a Range of Motion (ROM) exercise, he complains of pain. The nurse aid should _______________.
A) Stop the exercise at that point and tell the nurse
B) ask the nurse to give a pain medication
C) asked to receive more training in ROM techniques
D) repeat the ROM exercise to see if it happens again
A) Stop the exercise at that point and tell the nurse
The doctor has ordered physical therapy (PT) for every day of the week. The patients religion does not permit any activity on Saturday. What should you do when PT arrives on Saturday?
A) Tell PT to come back for two sessions on Sunday.
B) tell the patient that they must follow the doctor’s orders.
C) tell the patient’s family so they can decide if PT is allowed.
D) tell the nurse so they can call the doctor to change the order.
D) tell the nurse so they can call the doctor to change the order.
After Mr. Hall’s stroke, his right arm is weak, he should be taught to _______________.
A) put both arms in the shirt at the same time.
B) put his left arm into his shirt first.
C) put his right arm into the shirt first.
D) the resident can decide which arm goes first.
C) put his right arm into the shirt first.
Mr. Hall should use his left arm to put his right arm into his shirt first. When dressing a resident with one-sided weakness, teach the resident to use their strong side to dress the weak side first.
What would be the BEST way for the nurse aid to promote client independence in bathing a patient who has had a stroke?
A) teach the patient to wash their hands properly before doing anything else.
B) leave the patient alone and tell them to call you if they need any help.
C) do everything for the patient so they can watch how to do tasks properly.
D) encourage the patient to do as much as possible, offering to help as needed.
D) encourage the patient to do as much as possible, offering to help as needed.
When you approach a resident with dementia, how should you behave?
A) with the meek, submissive demeanor.
B) with a cold, professional attitude.
C) with a relaxed and cheerful manner.
D) with a hurried behavior.
C) with a relaxed and cheerful manner.
Patience with dementia, can detect moods and attitudes, and act in a similar manner.
Some patients may exhibit some “false beliefs” not supported by facts or reality. This is known as _______________.
A) deliberation
B) duration
C) delusion
D) digression
C) delusion
When caring for a confused resident what should a nursing assistant do?
A) offer the resident a choice of three or four activities
B) allow the resident to plan their day
C) provided a different schedule for variety
D) give simple and direct instructions
D) give simple and direct instructions
When speaking to a client who is confused or agitated, use a calm voice. Talk directly to the client, saying their name. Be respectful and always treat the client like an adult.
If her resident becomes confused, you should _______________.
A) help the resident recognize familiar items.
B) put him in restraints so he won’t fall.
C) place him in his room so he won’t wander.
D) sit him down until you have time to assist him
A) help the resident recognize familiar items.
A resident with dementia has wandered into another unit. What should the nurse aid say after finding the resident?
A) “Let’s walk back together, OK?”
B) “let’s go. Don’t you know I have work to do?”
C) “do you think you’re in the wrong place?”
D) “how on earth did you get here?”
A) “Let’s walk back together, OK?”
6 out of 10 patients with dementia will wonder.
Which of the following can be a cause of intellectual disability?
A. Downs syndrome.
B. Childhood illness.
C. Birth complications.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Intellectual disability (ID) is a below normal intelligence and ability to perform basic tasks.
A nurse aid finds a resident looking in the refrigerator at the nurses’ station at 5 AM. The resident, who is confused, explains that he needs breakfast before he leaves for work. The the best response by the nurse is?
A. Ask the resident about his job and if he is hungry.
B. Remind him that he is retired from his job and in a nursing home.
C. Help the resident back to his room and into bed.
D. Tell him that residence are not allowed in the nurses’ station.
A. Ask the resident about his job and if he is hungry.
When residents who are confused, think they still have a job, or are excited about a new job, do not contradict them or try to convince them they have no such thing. Do not play along with their misunderstanding. Simply ask them about the job and redirect them. You can say “that sounds important. Let’s have breakfast first, OK?” Give them a task, take a walk, or take them to another activity.
A common impairment that can complicate effective communication between you and your patient include _______________.
A. Bulimia.
B. Aphasia
C. Dysphagia
D. Apoplexia
B. Aphasia
When a client has suffered a stroke or other head injury, the speech center of the brain can be damaged, resulting in aphasia.
Using touch as a way to communicate with a client _______________.
A. Is natural and does not require consent.
B. Establishes authority with the client.
C. Should only be done when giving direct care.
D. Depends on the client’s culture.
D. Depends on the client’s culture.
Touch is a universal human need and can be a useful communication tool. However, do not assume that touch is always welcome. Always request permission to touch a client. Be aware that some cultures are uncomfortable with touching.
If a patient speaks a different language, how can you communicate?
A. Get an interpreter.
B. Wait until a family member can translate.
C. Use gestures and visual aids.
D. Try to learn the language.
C. Use gestures and visual aids.
When a patient speaks another language, use nonverbal methods to communicate.
To prevent the spread of infection, how should the nurse aid handle the soiled linens removed from a client’s bed?
A. Carry them close to the nurses aide’s body.
B. Shake them in the air to remove any dirt.
C. Place them in a neat pile on the floor.
D. Put them in the dirty linen container.
D. Put them in the dirty linen container.
Infection can be spread by soiled linen. Cheap soiled linen away from your clothing. Wash hands immediately after removing gloves.
The most important way to prevent the spread of infection is _______________.
A. Hand washing.
B. Sanitizer.
C. Wear gloves for all patient contact.
D. Vaccinations.
A. Hand washing.
When washing your hands, apply the soap _____________.
A. After removing gloves.
B. Before wetting your hands.
C. After wetting your hands.
D. Before turning on the faucet.
C. After wetting your hands.
Which conditions promotes the growth of bacteria?
A. Dark, warm, moist
B. Warm, light, dry.
C. Warm, dark, dry.
D. Cold, dark, moist.
A. Dark, warm, moist
All bacteria needs water to survive. This is why a client’s dressings must be kept dry.
The human body provides the perfect temperature for bacteria to quickly multiply.
Most types of bacteria prefer darkness, because the sun’s UV light can destroy it.
If abuse is suspected within a facility _____________.
A. Corrective action is taken against the reporter if the claim is found false.
B. Only serious claims of abuse must be reported and investigated.
C. If two coworkers agree that there is no abuse, a report is not necessary.
D. Incident must be reported immediately to the supervisor or administrator.
D. Incident must be reported immediately to the supervisor or administrator.
All abuse or suspected abuse must be reported.
Which of the following would affect a nurse aide’s status on the State Registry and possibly cost the nurse aid to be ineligible to work in a nursing home and may put your certification in jeopardy?
A. Missing the annual mandatory infection control training.
B. Failure to show for work without calling to tell the supervisor.
C. Being charged of resident neglect in a legal court case.
D. Termination from another facility for repeated tardiness.
C. Being charged of resident neglect in a legal court case.
If the CNA has a neglect charge, their license will be revoked for at least a year.
An example of neglect is when a nurse aidE _______________.
A. Changes a wet resident prior to going on break.
B. Leave the resident unattended in the bathtub.
C. Reports of reddened area on the resident’s back.
D. Promptly answers the resident’s call light
B. Leave the resident unattended in the bathtub.
Neglect is considered mistreatment that results from lack of attention or carelessness.
When caring for a resident whose religion is different from your own, you should _______________.
A. Accept and respect their religious beliefs.
B. Ensure they follow all religious requirements.
C. Religion plays no role in delivery of care.
D. Try to convert the resident to your own religion.
A. Accept and respect their religious beliefs.
Cultural diversity includes acceptance and respect of other religions and their practices.
When you are caring for an elderly resident who has dentures, but seldom wears them, what should you do?
A. Force the resident to wear the dentures.
B. Offer to bring in some denture adhesive.
C. Call the resident’s dentist.
D. Ask him why he doesn’t wear his dentures.
D. Ask him why he doesn’t wear his dentures.
A resident has the right to choose, including whether or not to wear their dentures.
Patients can suddenly become combative and hit a nurse aid. If this happens, you should _______________.
A. Immediately leave the patient and call for security
B. Ask the nurse to call the doctor to get an order for restraints.
C. Contact the family members to control the situation situation.
D. Back away from the patient and talk to them with a calm voice.
D. Back away from the patient and talk to them with a calm voice.
What are your legal and ethical responsibilities if you have access to medical records?
A. To write everything down accurately.
B. To share information with anyone who asks.
C. To keep all information confidential.
D. To only tell the family about a patient.
C. To keep all information confidential.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Privacy Act) Is the federal law that protects a resident’s privacy.
You observe a co-worker tying a resident to their wheelchair. What type of abuse is this?
A. Verbal.
B. Psychological.
C. Physical.
D. Coercion.
C. Physical.
Physical abuse involves restricting movement of a resident.
