CNA Final Flashcards
What are some examples of ADL’s?
bathing, skin, nail, hair care, assistance with walking, eating, dressing, transferring, toileting
What is the definition of a policy?
A course of action that should be taken during certain situations
HIPPA stands for …
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Medicare is defined as …
A health insurance program for people aged 65 years or older
It is separated into 2 parts
Part A: Hospital Insurance
Part B: Medical Insurance
Medicaid is defined as…
Medical assistance program for low-income people
The supervisor of the Nurse Assistant is…
The charge nurse
What is the minimum theory and clinical hours to become a nurse assistant?
50 hours of theory and 100 hours of clinicals
If a CNA wanted to renew their certification, how many hours of ceu’s must they take?
48 hours of continuing education units in a 2 year period
How often do Nurse Assistants submit their fingerprints?
Once in a lifetime, when enrolling in the course
Before working with residents, what MUST a CNA have?
TB test
After successfully completing the CNA course, how much time do you have before taking the state exam?
2 years
What is the maximum number of times that the state exam may be taken?
3 times
What is the code of ethics?
It may vary in facilities but it is an overall guideline for ethical concerns that the care team must follow
What is OBRA?
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act is a law that was passed to improve quality of life for residents by setting standards for nursing assistant training.
What is the MDS?
The minimum data set is a form with guidelines for assessing residents, and it is completed during admission and each year after
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act?
It is a law that prohibits discrimination against disabilities and allows persons of disabilities to obtain equal opportunities.
What is active neglect vs passive neglect?
Active: harming a person by purposely failing to provide basic care
Passive: unintentionally harming a person by failing to provide care, in this case, the caregiver may not know how to properly care for the resident or may not understand the resident’s needs
What is negligence?
Failure to provide care that results in an unintended injury such as, not locking wheelchair
What is malpractice?
When a person is injured due to professional misconduct (lack of skills)
What are Advanced Directives?
Documents that provide instructions for patient’s wishes in treatment if he/she cannot communicate
What is a grievance?
A complaint
In long-term care facilities, the resident has the right to…
Bring personal items
What are mandated reporters?
People that are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse/neglect. As CNA’s, you must give the nurse as much factual information.
What is an ombudsman?
A legal advocate for residents that help resolve resident’s concerns about health, safety, welfare, rights, etc
Can you release information about a resident to a visitor?
No, it is against HIPPA regulations
Are advance directive required for admission?
No
What is PHI?
Protected health information means taking appropriate measures to ensure that patient records are private
Nursing assistants cannot give information about a resident to anyone not directly linked to their care UNLESS
The resident gives official consent or the law requires it
What is the fine for HIPPA violation?
$100-250,000 or up to 10 years in prison
What are some main examples of Advanced Directive?
Living Will
Power of attorney for health care
DNR order
What should you do if a resident asks to see their chart?
Report it to the charge nurse
Can residents and their families interact with their roommates family?
Yes
What type of communication shows the most about a resident’s real feelings?
Body language
What is objective data?
Information that can be seen, heard, smelled, etc
When should changes in a resident’s condition be updated?
Right away
What is incontinence?
The inability to control the bladder oe bowels
What does NKDA mean?
No known drug allergies
Wat does PRN mean?
as necessary
What does TPR mean?
Temp, pulse, rate
What does W/c mean?
Wheelchair
What type of time do we use when charting?
Military time
What is the medical term for stroke?
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Paralysis on one side of the body is called?
hemiplegia
What is the term for difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
What is the code for immediately?
STAT
What helps prevent the resident from being hurt during a fall?
Lowering the bed after procedures
What does CPR stand for?
Cardio[pulmonary Resuscitation
What is heimlic maneuver?
This is the abdominal thrusts performed on someone that is choking
When do we perform abdominal thrusts?
When the choking victim is conscious
When does shock occur?
When organs and tissues do not receive adequate blood supply
What should we do for shock victims>
- lay down and place on side if bleeding or vomitting
- control bleeding
- check pulse and respirations
- keep them calm
- elevate feet UNLESS they have head or abdominal injury
What is the medical term for heart attack?
Myocardial Infarction
What is dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing
What are the types of burns?
1st degree: epidermis
2nd degree: epidermis and dermis
3rd degree: all layers of skin, may expose bones
What is hypoglycemia?
This is an insulin reaction from either too much insulin or too little food, both causing too much insulin in the body.
What is hyperglycemia?
this is caused by having too little insulin and it can be from undiagnosed diabetes, low insulin,
When a seizure is occurring, what is the main goal for the resident?
To make sure they are safe, prevent injury
When dealing with body fluids, you must ALWAYS
wear gloves
What is the medical term for vomitting?
emesis
Restraints (supports) can be seen as false imprisonment if…
It was an unauthorized use
What is the mnemonic that should be used in the event of a fire?
RACE R: Rescue A: Alarm C: Contain E: Extinguish
How soon should we report frayed electrical cords?
Immediately
If a resident requires assistance with shaving and requires oxygen, what should we do?
Shave only with soap and safety razor
What are the types of razors?
Safety razor
Disposable razor
Electric razor: does not require soap or shaving cream but CANNOT be used wit oxygen or pacemaker
Which patients are at a greater risk for falls?
People with dementia
Fall most likely occur when?
During change of shift
When should wheelchair brakes be locked?
When transferring into or out of wheelchair
Before using a fire extinguisher you must
Remove safety pin
What precaution should be visible when caring for oxygen patients?
No Smoking: Oxygen in Use
when the fire emergency code is on, what must the nurse assistant do?
Close all room doors, report to nurse
If a wheelchair is broken, what must the resident do?
Notify the charge nurse
When cleaning the nose of a resident with oxygen, what products can be used?
Water based lubricant, warm water, soap and water
Why should a Nurse Assistant report broken equipment?
Because they must care about resident and staff safety
When do infections occur?
When harmful microorganisms (pathogens) enter and invade the body
What is the difference between systemic and localized infection?
Systemic: In the blood stream, causing general symptoms
Localized: in a specific region of the body
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection that is hospital acquired
What is surgical asepsis?
The state of being free of all microorganisms
How do we describe the path of disease transmission?
Chain of infection
What is the order of the chain of infection?
Causing agent Reservoir Portal of exit Moe of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Causing agent
Microorgansism that can create disease
Reservoir
This is where the pathogen multiplies and survives (can be resident, Nursing assistant, equipment, etc)
Portal of exit
How the pathogen leaves the reservoir (usually through secretions, wound drainage, urine, feces, blood, etc)
Method of transmission
Either direct contact or indirect contact
Portal of entry
Where organisms enter the body (either non-intact skin, mucous membrane, respiratory/urinary tract)
Susceptible host
Person who can become infected with a pathogen
How can we stop the chain of infection?
By breaking one of the links
What is the difference between disinfecting and sterilizing?
Disinfection: eliminating or killing most microbes
Sterilization: killing ALL microbes
What are the 2 precautions that can be taken during infection control?
Standard precautions and isolation
What are standard precautions?
Treating body fluids, wounds, secretions, etc as if they had an infection to ensure that you take appropriate measures
What guidelines are considered standard precautions?
Wash hands Wear gloves immediately wash all skin surfaces (that may have been contaminated) Wear disposable gown Wear mask and goggles Dispose contaminated waste
Hepatitis is caused by which microbe?
Viruses
What is OSHA?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration: it is a federal gov. agency that makes rules about hazards to protect workers
How does TB spread?
through droplets in air
Which conditions do microbes grow best in?
Moist
What is MRSA?
Resistant strain of Staph. Auereus that can cause community associated infections
What is a wet gown?
A contaminated gown
What does asepsis mean?
Free from pathogens
How many injections for Hep. B
3
What are the branches of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
(Bottom to top) Physiological needs Safety needs Love and belonging Esteem Self-actualization
How do we deal with linen if patient is in isolation?
Double bag if required by facility
Ounce to mL conversion
1 ounce= 30 ml
Pint to mL conversion
1 pint = 500 ml
Quart to ml conversion
1 quart = 1000 ml
foot to cm conversion
1 foot = 30 cm
What does I and O mean?
Intake and output
When would we give complete bed bath?
To patients that are unconscious
What temperature should the bed bath be when preparing items?
105 F
When do we change the bed bath water (during complete bed bath)?
If water becomes soapy or cool
When assisting a resident in the bathtub what should we do?
Have the resident hold on to the grab rail
When is oral care done?
After each meal and breakfast
What position should be done when performing oral care in unconscious patient?
Lateral
Can NAs cut patients toenails?
No Report request to nurse
What do we use to clean under fingernails?
Orange stick
How do we help put a pair of pants on resident?
Side to side
When is the colostomy bag changed?
When it leaks
When do we clean the residents genital and anal areas?
Once a day and when soiled
Normal oral temperature?
98.6
What is BP?
The amount of force exerted against the wall of the artery by the blood
What should we do before using stethoscope?
clean earpieces and diaphragm
What is brachycardia?
Pulse below 60 bpm
What is tachycardia?
Pulse above 90 bpm
What is normal BP?
Above 90/60 but below 120/80
Higher number of BP is represented by
Systolic pressure
Lower number of BP is represented by
Diastolic pressure
What do we use for BP?
Sphygomomanometer
normal axillary temperature?
97.6
Normal fluid intake for adult?
1,500 mL
When are liquid nutritional supplements offered?
Between meals
What is the normal oral, rectal and axillary temperature?
Oral: 97.6-99.6
Rectal: 98.6-100.6
Axillary: 96.6-98.6
What is a normal blood pressure?
Systolic: 100-139
Diastolic: 60-89
