CNA Flashcards
TID
Three times a day
ISOL
isolation
H A
hearing aid
TPR
Temperature, Pulse, Respirations
mL
milliliters
PRN
as needed
NPO
nothing by mouth
Normal pulse Range
60-100
normal respirations
12-20
Surgical asepsis
Object is free of all microorganisms (sterilization)
axillary
armpit
ROM
Range of Motion
1 CC is the same as…
1 mL
Radial
Wrist
Tympanic
Ear
c/o
complains of
IV
intravenous (within the vein)
HIPPA
protects the privacy of health information
How many CC’s in 1 oz.?
30
Contracture
permanent and painful shortening of the muscle
hypertension
high blood pressure
palliative care
care that focuses on comfort and pain relief
tachypnea
rapid breathing
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
Prosthesis
device that replaces a missing body part
Supine
flat on back
lateral
on the side
prone
on stomach
PROM
passive range of motion
QH
every hour
w/c
wheelchair
Indirect care closing
Tidy up, lower bed/ give call light, ensure comfort, wash hands and document
DNR
do not resuscitate
I&O
input and output
STAT
immediately
Amb
ambulation
BP
blood pressure
VS
vital signs
BM
bowel movement
meds
medications
inc
incontinent
DX
diagnosis
BID
twice a day
ADL’s
Activities of Daily living
health
a complete state of phys. mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease
wellness
successfully balancing things in everyday life
epidermis
top layer of your skin that is mostly dead cells
dermis
hair follicles and live cells
What is the largest organ in the body
the skin
What is the layer(s) of skin that is affected by a 1st degree (superficial) burn?
The epidermis (outer layer)
What is the layer(s) of skin that is affected by a 2nd degree (partial thickness) burn?
The Dermis (deeper layer)
What is the layer(s) of skin that is affected by 3rd degree (full thickness) burn?
Epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissue
What is another name for herpes zoster – a viral infection that causes a painful rash
The shingles
Open wound
where the skin isn’t intact
closed wound
internal bleeding or bruising but the skin is intact
Gangrene
Death of tissue
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
cellulitis
infection of the skin that occurs when bacteria move deeper into the tissue
Psoriasis
A chronic skin condition in which cells of the skin grow too fast, causing red, white, or, silver patches
pressure ulcers
sores or wounds that result from skin deterioration and shearing
Stage 1 pressure ulcer
just epidermis
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
shallow crater (epidermis and dermis)
stage 3 pressure ulcer
all the way to the muscle
stage 4 pressure ulcer
all the way to the bone
larynx
voice box
epiglottis
Acts like a lid, shutting off the larynx during swallowing
inspiration
inhale
expiration
exhale
respiration
the process of breathing in and out
What is the optimal BP
120/80
hypertension
140/90 high blood pressure
hypotension
90/60 low blood pressure
capillary exchange
oxygen and nutrients move from the blood to the tissues while fluid and waste products move from the tissues to the blood
angina Pectoris
chest pain, pressure, or discomfort due to coronary artery disease
stable angina
chest pain, pressure, or discomfort due to activity and severe stress
unstable angina
chest pain, pressure, or discomfort while resting
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
At what angle does a resident need to be to eat
90
who can order restraints?
only a doctor
restraint
a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior
respiratory arrest
breathing stops
cardiac arrest
heart stops
what causes shock?
when organs or tissues in the body don’t receive enough blood
myocardial infarction (MI)
heart attack
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
a warning sign of a CVA
AMA
against medical advice
orthopnea
shortness of breath when lying down that is relieved by sitting up
circadian rhythm
24 hr day/ night cycle
open bed
one that is ready for the resident to sleep in
closed bed
a bed that is made up for the day
occupied bed
a bed that is occupied by a resident
what is the musculoskeletal system made up of ?
muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments
atrophy
muscles waste away, decrease in size, and weaken
osteoporosis
a condition in which bones lose density, which causes them to be brittle and easily broken
shearing
rubbing or friction that results from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it either remains still or moves in the opposite direction
dangle
To sit on the side of the bed with your feet down
hygiene
practices to keep the body clean
what does the endocrine system do?
regulates many important body functions
glands
organs that secrete or produce hormones
What to do during the event of a fire
Rescue
Alert
Contain
Extinguish
hormones
chemical substances created by the body that control body functions
what is the pituitary gland also called
the master gland
what is the function of the thyroid?
regulates metabolism and growth
adrenal glands
sit on top of your kidneys and secrete adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), aldosterone, and cortisol
aldosterone
regulates the balance of sodium, potassium, and water
diabetes
a condition in which the pancreas either doesn’t produce enough insulin
what’s the most common form of diabetes that can occur at any age?
type 2
hypothyroidism
low thyroid hormones produced which causes the body processes to slow
hyperthyroidism
high amounts of thyroid hormones are produced which causes body processes to speed up
rehabilitation
to help the patient/resident reach a point where they can be the best that they can be
orthotic devices
keep the joints in the correct position, improve function, and prevent complications (like contractures)
Active ROM
ROM done by the resident themselves
Active-assisted ROM
ROM done by resident with some help
Passive ROM
ROM fully done by NA
pronation
turn downward
supination
turn upward
abduction
moving away from the body
adduction
moving toward the body
extension
Straightening
flexion
bending
dorsiflexion
bending backward
rotation
turning the joint
opposition
touching the thumb to any finger
nutrition
how the body uses food to maintain health
malnutrition
the lack of proper nutrition that results from insufficient food intake or improper diet
what is most essential for life
water
vitamins
substances that are needed by the body to function
restrict fluids (RF) order
the person is allowed to drink, but they are limited for the day as set by their doctor
cells
the basic structural unit
tissues are made up of…
groups of cells
organs are made up of…
groups of tissues
anatomy
the study of the body structure
physiology
looks at how the body parts function
peristalsis
muscular contractions that move food toward the stomach
what is healthy stool look like?
brown in color, with the consistency being soft, moist, and formed
bowel elimination
the physical process of releasing or emptying the colon or large intestine of stool or feces
what position should the bed be in when a resident is using a bedpan?
the head of the bed should be raised
what’s the best position for bowel elimination
squatting down and leaning forward
portable or bedside commode
used for people who can get out of the bed but can’t walk to the bathroom
specimen
a sample used for analysis and diagnosis
occult
hidden
micturition or voiding
urinating
what does the nervous system do?
controls and coordinates all body functions
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
neuron
the basic working unit of the nervous system
peripheral nervous system
the nerves connected attached to the spinal cord
which part of the brain controls the right side of the body
the left side of the brain
which part of the brain controls the left side of the body
the right side of the brain
iris
the colored part of the eye
what does the nervous system do?
controls and coordinates all body functions
ossicles
the bone in the middle of the ear that picks up the vibrations and sends impulses to the brain
neuron
the basic working unit of the nervous system
peripheral nervous system
the nerves connected attached to the spinal cord
which part of the brain controls the right side of the body
the left side of the brain
which part of the brain controls the left side of the body
the right side of the brain
iris
the colored part of the eye
pupil
the black part of the eye that constricts to allow the proper amount of light in the eye to see
ossicles
the bone in the middle of the ear that picks up the vibrations and sends impulses to the brain
clinical depression
type of mental illness that causes withdrawal, lack of energy, intense sadness, pain, fatigue, apathy, weight loss/gain, insomnia, irritability, and feelings of worthlessness
progressive disease
the disease gets worse with time
paraplegia
paralyzed from the waist down
quadriplegia
paralyzed from the neck down
cognition
ability to think clearly and logically
dementia
serious loss of mental abilities
validation therapy
letting residents believe that they live in the past or imaginary circumstances
clinical depression
type of mental illness that causes withdrawal, lack of energy, intense sadness, pain, fatigue, apathy, weight loss/gain, insomnia, irritability, and feelings of worthlessness
What is the function of the immune system
it protects the body from harmful substances and bacteria
nonspecific immunity
present at birth– the first defense in your body
specific immunity
acquired by the body– against specific antibodies
lymphatic system
composed of the lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
a most common symptom of AIDS
flu-like symptoms
malignant
cancerous (can spread)
benign
non-cancerous
metastasize
spreads to other areas of the body
biopsy
removal of a sample of tissue for examination and diagnosis
subacute setting
for people who need more care than a normal long term facility can provide
Good Oxygen level
greater than 94%
telemetry
the application of a cardiac monitoring device that transmits information about the heart’s rhythm and rate to computer screens
nasogastric (NG) tube
inserted into the nose, down the back of the throat, through the esophagus and into the stomach
palliative care
the goal is to control symptoms and manage pain
hospice
less than six months to live
List the 5 stages of Grief
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
List the 5 rights of a resident
- Visitors
- Privacy
- To be free from pain
- Honest and accurate information
- Refuse treatment
What is the last sense to fade before death?
hearing
postmortem care
care of the body after death
