CNA-1 Flashcards
Providers
People or organizations that provide health care, including doctors and nurses
Facilities
Where care is delivered.
Payers
People or organizations paying for healthcare.
Long-Term Care (LTC)
Given in a long-term care facility for people who need 24 hour skilled care.
Skilled Care
Medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist. It is available 24 hours a day.
Length of Stay
The number of days a person stays in healthcare facility.
Terminal Illness
Illness will eventually cause death.
Home Health Care
Care provided in a person’s home. Generally given to people who are older and are chronically ill but who are able and wish to remain home.
Diagnoses
Medical condition determined by a doctor.
Assisted Living
Residences for people who need some help with daily care, such as showers, meals, and dressing.
Dementia
Serious loss of mental abilities.
Adult Day Services
People who need some assistance and supervision during certain hours, but do not live in the facility where care is provided.
Acute Care
24-hour skilled care given in hospitals or surgery centers for people who require short-term immediate care for an injury or illness.
Subacute Care
Given in a hospital or long-term care facility for people who need less care than for an acute, but more care than for a chronic illness.
Outpatient
Given for less than 24 hours and are for people who have had treatments or surgery and need short-term skilled care.
Rehabilitation
Given by specialists such as physical, occupational, and speech therapists to improve function after illness or injury.
Hospice Care
Given in facility or at home for people who have approximately 6 months or less to live.
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Require participants to use particular doctor or group of doctors except in case of emergency.
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)
Cost-reducing healthcare option. Employees are given reduced, fee-for-service rates.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Personal care tasks such as bathing, skin, nail and hair care, and assistance with walking, eating, dressing, transferring, and toileting.
Catheters
Thin tubes inserted into the body to drain fluids or inject fluids.
Policy
Course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs.
Procedure
Method, or way, of doing something.
Cite
To find a problem through survey.
Joint Commission
An independent, not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits healthcare organizations. It’s goal is to improve the safety and quality of care given to patients, clients, and residents.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Federal agency that runs two national healthcare programs, Medicare and Medicaid.
Medicare
For people who are 65 or older or have permanent kidney failure or certain disabilities.
Medicaid
Medical assistance for low-income people.
Culture Change
Process of transforming services for elders so that they are based on values and practices of the person receiving care.
Person-Directed Care
Emphasizes the individuality of the person who needs care and seeks to build community by recognizing and developing each person’s capabilities.
Nursing Assistant (NA) or Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
Performs assigned tasks, such as taking vital signs, and provides or assists with routine personal care, such as bathing residents and helping with toileting.
Registered Nurse (RN)
Coordinates, manages, and provides skilled nursing care. This includes administering special treatments and giving medication as prescribed by a physician.
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)
Administers medications and gives treatments. May also supervise NA’s daily care of residents.
Physician or Doctor
Their job is to diagnose disease or disability and prescribe treatment.
Physical Therapist (PT)
Evaluates a person and develops treatment plan to increase movement, improve circulation, reduce pain, and help resident regain or maintain mobility.
Occupational Therapist (OT)
Helps residents adapt to their disability.
Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)
Identifies communication disorders and develops plan of care to meet recovery goals. Also evaluates person’s ability to swallow.
Registered Dietitian (RDT)
Creates diets for residents with special needs.
Medical Social Worker (MSW)
Determines resident’s needs and helps get them support services such as counseling and financial assistance.
Activities Director
Plans activities for residents to help them socialize and stay physically and mentally active.
Resident
The person receiving care. They have the right to make decisions about their own care.
Charting
Writing down information about the resident.
Empathy
Identifying with the feelings of others. Understand other’s problems.
Sympathy
Sharing the feelings and difficulties of others.
Chain of Command
Describes the line of authority.
Liability
Someone is responsible for harming someone else.
Scope of Practice
Defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do and how to do them correctly.
Nursing Process
Assessment-Diagnosis-Planning-Implementation-Evaluation
Delegation
Transferring responsibility to a person for a specific task.
Ethics
Knowledge of right and wrong.
Laws
Government established laws to help people live peacefully together and to ensure safety.
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
Defines the rights for residents.
Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Detailed guideline for assessing resident in long-term care facility. Also details what to do if resident problems are identified.
Resident Rights
How residents must be treated while living in a facility.
Informed Consent
Process by which a person, with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about their health care.
Abuse
Purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone.
Neglect
Failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person.
Physical Abuse
Any treatment, intentional or unintentional, that causes harm to a person’s body.
Psychological Abuse
Emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring, humiliating, isolating or insulting a person.
Verbal Abuse
Use of spoken or written words, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person.
Sexual Abuse
Forcing of a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against their consent.
Financial Abuse
Improper or illegal use of a person’s money, possessions, or property.
Assault
Threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that they will be harmed.
Battery
Intentional touching of a person without their consent.
Domestic Violence
Abuse by spouse, intimate partners, or family members.
Workplace Violence
Abuse of staff by other staff members, residents, or visitors.
False Imprisionment
Unlawful restraint that affects a person’s freedom of movement. Both by the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained.
Involuntary Seclusion
Separation of a person from others agains the person’s will.
Sexual Harassment
Unwelcomed sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating or offensive working environment.
Substance Abuse
Use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that harms oneself or others.
Active Neglect
Purposeful failure to provide needed care, resulting in harm to a person.
Passive Neglect
Unintentional failure to provide needed care, resulting in physical, mental or emotional harm to a person.
Negligence
Actions or the failure to act or provide proper care for a resident resulting in unintended injury.
Malpractice
Occurs when a person is injured to professional misconduct.
Mandated Reporters
People who are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect because they have regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in care facilities.
Ombudsman
Legal advocate for resident that helps residents resolve problems or issues.
Nurse Aide Training Competency Evaluation Program (NATCEP)
Makes the rules about the training and testing for NA’s. Also will will contact any NA that is accused of abuse.
Confidentiality
Keep private things private.
Protected Health Information (PHI)
Person’s health is kept private. This is under HIPPA.
Advance Directives or Living Will
Legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.
Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare
Legal document that appoints someone to make medical decisions for a person in the event that the person becomes unable to do so.
Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR)
Do not want CPR given.
Communication
Exchanging information with others.
Verbal Communication
Involves use of words, spoken or written.
Nonverbal Communication
Communicating without using words. Body language, facial expressions, and posture can be expressed.
Cultural Diversity
Different groups of people with varied background and experiences living together in the world.
Culture
System of learned behaviors, practiced by a group of people that is considered to be the tradition of that group.
Bias
Tendency to have an opinion, or view, that is often without considering evidence and other information.
Cliches
Phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything.
Objective Information
Information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells. Also called signs.
Subjective Information
Information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on somethings a resident reported. Also called symptoms.
Incontinence
Inability to control bladder or bowels.
Cyanotic
Skin that is blue or gray.
Incident
An accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care.
Sentinel Event
An accident or event that results in grave physical or psychological injury or death.
Impairment
Loss of function or ability; it can be partial or complete loss.
Farsightedness
Ability to see objects in the distance better.
Nearsightedness
Ability to see things near, but not far.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Stroke
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body.
Hempiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body.
Expressive Aphasia
Slurred speech.
Receptive Aphasia
Unable to understand spoken or written words.
Emotional Liability
Laughing or crying without any reason.
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing.
Combative
Violent or hostile behavior.
Infection Prevention
Set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control infection.
Microorganism (MO) or Microbe
Tiny living thing only visible under microscope
Infections
Occur when harmful microorganisms (microbes) invade and multiply the body.
Pathogens
Harmful microorganisms (microbes)
Localized Infections
Infection limited to specific location
Systemic Infection
Affects the entire body.
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)
Infection that happened in a healthcare setting during delivery of care.
Chain of Infection
Way of describing how disease is transmitted from one person to another.
Causative Agent
Pathogenic microbe that causes disease. Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Reservoir
Where the pathogen lives and grows. Includes humans, animals, plants, or a substance.
Portal of Exit
Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. Include nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut on the skin.
Mode of Transmission
Describes of the pathogen travels. Includes direct or indirect contact.
Portal of Entry
Any body opening of an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. Include nose, mouth, eyes, cuts on skin.
Direct Contact
Happens by touching person
Indirect Contact
Results from touching something contaminated by the infected person such as needle, dressing or tissue.
Mucous Membranes
Membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body. Include lining of mouth, nose, eyes, rectum and genitals.
Susceptible Host
Uninfected person who could get sick.
Transmission
Passage or transfer
Infectious
Contagious
Medical Asepsis
Measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens.
Surgical Asepsis
State of being free of all microorganisms. Also called sterile technique.
Maluntrition
Lack of nutrients in the body.
Dehydration
Lack of fluids in the body.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Federal government makes rules to protect workers from hazards on job.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Government agency that makes rules to protect health of individuals and communities. Promotes public health, as well as disease, injury and disability prevention.
Isolate
Keep something separate.
Standard Precautions
Treating blood, body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes as if they were infected. This involves washing hands, wearing gloves, removing gloves.
Sharps
Needles or other sharp objects.
Hand Hygiene
Washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs.
Antimicrobal
Agent destroys, or prevents the development of pathogens.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.
Perineal Care
Care of genitals and anal area.
Non-intact Skin
Skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, or surgical incisions.
Clean
Not contaminated
Dirty
Has been contaminated by pathogens.
Disinfection
Process that kills pathogens. Kills some, but not all.
Sterilization
Measure that destroys all microbes. Accomplished through the use of special machines and devices.
Disposable
Discarded after one use.
Transmission-Based Precautions
Precautions used when caring for a person who are infected or suspected of being infected with disease. These are used in addition to standard precautions.
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)
Resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatments.
Airborne Precations
Used for diseases that are transmitted or spread through the air after being expelled. Include TB, measles, and chickenpox.
Droplet Precautions
Used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air. Including coughing, sneezing, laughing, and talking.
Contact Precautions
Used when there is a risk of spreading a microorganism (microbe) by touching an infected person or object. Include wearing PPE and resident isolation as well as proper hand washing.
Bloodborne Pathogens
Microorganisms found in human blood than can cause infection and disease in humans. They may also be found in body fluids and draining wounds or can be sexually transmitted.
HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
A virus that can cause AIDS
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications and trauma.
Hepatitis B
Bloodborne disease that is spread through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from a mother to her baby during delivery.
Jaundice
When the skin, white of the eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Law requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards.
Exposure Control Plan
Designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material.
Tuberculosis- TB
A highly contagious lung disease by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air. TB is an airborne disease. Two types of TB: Latent TB Infection and TB disease.
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)
Type of TB that can develop when a person with TB disease does not take all the prescribed medications.
Resistant
Drug no longer work to kill the specific bacteria.
Phlegm
Thick mucus from the respiratory passage.
MRSA
An antibiotic-resistant infection that acquired in healthcare facilities. Almost always spread by direct physical contact with infected person. Prevent MRSA by good hygiene.
Clostridium Difficile- C. Diff
Spore-forming bacterium which can be part of normal intestinal flora. Produces a toxin that causes water diarrhea.
Vital Signs
Show how well the vital organs of the body are working. They consist of body temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and reporting level of pain.
Oral Temperature
97.6-99.6 is normal
Rectal Temperature
Taking temperature in the rectum.
Axilla Temperature
Taking temperature under the armpit.
Tympanic Temperature
Taking temperature in the ear.
Temporal Temperature
Taking temperature along the temple.
Pulse Rate
60-100 beats per minute is normal.
Respiratory Rate
12-20 respirations per minute is normal.
Blood Pressure
Systolic: 100-140 is normal
Diastolic: 60-90 is normal
Low Blood Pressure
Below 100/60
High Blood Pressure
Higher than 140/90
Radial Pulse
Located on the wrist
Brachial Pulse
Inside elbow, one and half inch above elbow.
Apical Pulse
Left side of chest, just below nipple
Pulse
Number of hear beats per minute.
Apnea
Absence of breathing.
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing.
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath when lying down, needs to sit up
Cheyne-Stroke
Alternating periods of slow irregular breathing. Often signs of impending death.
Hypertension
High blood pressure. 140/90 or higher
Hypotension
Low blood pressure 100/60 or lower
